ccna routing and switching exam dumps

ccna routing and switching exam dumps

R3.00-00 The router on Lan establishes adjacency with all other routers. In OSPF , the router on the LAN only establishes adjacency with the DR . !! means from 13.1 to 34.3 and then to the local ( 34.4 ) R3#show ip route 3.3.3.3/32 RFC 2205 Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) We see that after the BGP neighbor relationship is up , R2 immediately triggers an LSP , and the overload is set before the LSP is cleared . Network 10.1.34.3 0.0.0.0 area 0 Indicates whether the LSP is from L1 router or L2 router . This field is 2bits . 00- not used; 01-level1 ; 10- unused; 11-level2 *Aug 18 11:26:02.546: *Aug 18 09:06:02.699: 10.1.24.4 (Strict IPv4 Prefix, 8 bytes, /32) 75000 kbits/sec, Options: (No TOS-capability, DC) LS Type: Opaque Area Link Peak rate 562 If it is a Frame Relay P2P sub-interface, then there will be no problem, this is the recommended deployment method. Type 1 length 8 : Local tag Record Route: 10.1.34.3 10.1.13.1 Interface loopback0 (Tunnel0) Destination: 5.5.5.5 75000 ISIS default flooding period is 15 minutes by lsp-refresh-interval Review R3.01-00 L1 R1#show mpls forwarding-table MPLS TE router ID: 1.1.1.1 MPLS mode Supports allocating network resources for explicit LSP tunnels 0 kbits/sec Pop tag It can prevent the structure of the core transmission network from being exposed due to TTL=0 return error message The LDP neighbor establishment first sends the HELLO packet (the HELLO packet uses UDP , the source port is 646 ). The LDP ID is 6 bytes ( 4 bytes of IP plus 2 bytes of LABEL SpaceID ) Ip address 10.1.12.1 255.255.255.0 ! 0x18B7 Interface Serial0/1 Basic knowledge point Reservable Bandwidth[7]: Explicit Path a series of IP configuration, an explicit path in the IP can be an interface IP , it may be MPLS TE Router ID . *Aug 18 11:26:02.546: Such as in a frame relay environment RRO 0 packets, 0 bytes tag information set Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth R2-PE1#show mpls forwarding-table detail Seq# Checksum Opaque ID The link state database of TEDB and IGP is independent. After completing this configuration, take a look at the phenomenon: All routers run OSPF Link ID *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: Ip cef Tunnel mpls traffic-eng bandwidth 33000 After completing the above configuration, we find that the is-is neighbor relationships of R2 , R3, and R3 and R4 are UP . This is because the IIH package does not carry TLV information for verification . In addition, the routing table of R3 is empty. 0 kbits/sec Bandwidth: 0 kbps (Global) Priority: 7 7 Affinity: 0x0/0xFFFF Metric Type: TE (default) IS-IS adjacency on a multi-access link Tspec: ave rate=20000 kbits, burst=1000 bytes,ccna routing and switching exam dumps, peak rate=20000 kbits RSVP Resv Info: 75000 The re-addressing process is similar to zone merging and separation, except that during re-addressing, some or all of the router's zone prefixes need to be cleared, with new ones. DIS Note that this 303 obviously, is R3 assigned to this allocation result and then to R4 , R4 is with R3 label assigned to pressure to Interface eth0 0/0 Ip address 10.1.23.3 255.255.255.0 i ia 5.5.5.0 [115/158] via 10.1.123.2, FastEthernet0/0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets *Aug 18 11:31:44.598: *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: TIME_VALUES type 1 length 8 : 1800s , and is a fixed value Router-id 4.4.4.4 Initial database synchronization is performed before the adjacency is formed Fragment number : 0 10.1.56.0/24 O Reservable Bandwidth[5]: Local binding: tag: imp-null Router ospf 1 C Mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls label range 300 399 There are actually some hidden dangers here. For example, using traceroute may expose the internal structure of the network ( after TTL=0 , the router will return an error message, which may expose network information). Area Address: 49.0001 Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth 0x00000011 Or Tunnel Id Link state Protocol Data Unit Link State Data Unit 0x00000010 Ip address 10.1.45.5 255.255.255.0 Network 10.1.12.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 LAN Priority: 64 Format: Phase V The figure above is a single-area Level1 routing domain. Ip address 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255 Interface eth 0/1 Domain-password cisco Mpls ldp igp sync holddown 5000 0/0/1 Reservable Bandwidth[7]: LSR or LSAck Record Route: NONE 0x8000001A 0x002ED2 0 100 In this environment, since the tail end of the tunnel is at R4 , the label that R4 assigns to this tunnel through RSVP is POP . After the above configuration is completed, there is one more unidirectional direct link to R5 on R2 . This link will directly participate in the routing calculation of R2 itself. The overall result is that there are now three straight connectors on R2 : eth0/0 , eth0/1 , tunnel0 . Frame-relay map ip 10.1.123.2 201 broadcast The IS-IS adjacency relationship is established differently for different network types. IS-IS supports the following two types of networks: Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth ! Then, finally, the data is introduced into the established tunnel . In fact, after creating a TE tunnel on R1 , a local tunnel is in it. The router that determines which FEC the message belongs to is the inbound LSR because it classifies and pushes the message into the label. The router address TLV carries the router TE router ID for the TE . RSVP Path Info: Bandwidth: 0 kbps (Global) Priority: 7 7 Affinity: 0x0/0xFFFF Metric Type: TE (default) Based (internet per-Platform ) compared to the label space-based interface ( per-interface ) security label space to lower The above figure encapsulates a three-layer label package. For an LSR , only the first label is processed. Each layer of the label has a bottom of the BoS stack to indicate whether it is already the bottom of the stack of the label, and the last label has BoS=1 . !! Re-release the local direct loopback 2.2.2.0/24 to level1 1.1.1.1/32 ! Average rate=250000 bytes/sec, burst depth=1000 bytes Mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls label range 200 299 Network 10.1.34.4 0.0.0.0 area 0 *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: Reservable Bandwidth[5]: 0x80000018 0x001C01 1 Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth 569 75000 Mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls label range 200 299 L2 router has a Level 2 link state database, which contains routing information between all areas. Dynamic hostname mapping Mpls ldp router-id Loopback0 Mpls traffic-eng router-id loopback 0 mpls traffic-eng level-1 Network 10.1.12.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: Tun Dest: 5.5.5.5 Tun ID: 0 Ext Tun ID: 1.1.1.1 Prior LSP: 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets Mpls label rangempls label range 300 399 interface fa0/0 ! Network 10.1.34.4 0.0.0.0 area 0 4.4.4.4/32, version 12, epoch 0, cached adjacency 10.1.12.2 Src 1.1.1.1, Dst 4.4.4.4, Tun_Id 0, Tun_Instance 2 RSVP Path Info: Ip rsvp bandwidth 5.5.5.5 When using the Explicit method to establish a tunnel , you need to associate an explicit path . 10.1.12.2 Hostname: R1 Router ID: *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: Tun Sender: 1.1.1.1 LSP ID: 248 !! configured for the device net address, a plurality of, up default . 3 th Ip cef Router(config-if)#mpls traffic-eng tunnels Average rate = 250000 bytes/sec, burst depth = 1000 bytes For the HDLC (Advanced Data Link Control) interface, SNPA is set to " HDLC " R2 redistributed direct route 2.2.2.0 is gone, inter-area route is still, and R1 no longer uses R2 as the next hop of the default route. Note that the LSP sent by R2 is also overload-bit set. . Virtual link R2-PE1#show mpls traffic-eng tunnels 204 Pop Label 5.5.5.5/32 0 Tu0 point2point MAC/Encaps=14/18, MRU=1500, Label Stack{304}, via Et0/1 0E00003017000E00003016108847 00130000 If an LSP is continuously destroyed during transmission, it will be continuously cleared by other routers, and the source router will continue to resend. This creates an LSP destruction storm. CISCO IOS allows routers to ignore corrupted LSPs and write errors only to log files locally. Open with the lsp-ignore-errors command. Router isis Host OSPF divides areas based on interfaces. Routers can belong to different areas. ES-IS Routing Protocol 3.3.3.3/32 RFC 3567 The label mapping message advertised locally is meaningful to the local . The label corresponding to the same FEC advertised from different interfaces is different. Ip address 10.1.45.5 255.255.255.0 Insert ( impose or push ) R2 (config-keychain)#exit L2 router , connected to different Leve1 area . Stores a separate Level2 LSDB . MPLS TE of AutoRoute characteristics of the TE tunnel as a direct link participating SPF calculation (except R2 themselves) 1010 ISO10589 Interface fas0/0 We started CEF on R3 . In fact, in CEF , the default load balancing method is destination-based load balancing. CEF 's Interface Tunnel0 Length of Value Fa1/0 = 250000 bytes/sec O 10.1.12.0 [110/65536] via 10.1.23.2, 00:09:07, FastEthernet0/0 *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: peak rate =250000 bytes/sec Path option 10, type dynamic (Basis for Setup, path weight 20) R2#show ip route 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets FastEthernet1 / 0, Src IP addr: 10.1.13.3 Addresses bound to peer LDP Ident: If R3-R5 , LDP is run , let R5 send the label packet, R3 receives the label packet, looks at the byte after the label stack, and finds the value is 4 , so it is determined to be an IPv4 packet, so the IPv4 header is The source and destination addresses are taken out for hashing to perform load balancing. Mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls label range 400 499 Clear text interface authentication Pop tag 17 Copy this value. Alternatively, you can configure the following command on the tail router: Link ID It can be seen that ES-IS plays a role in the CLNS network environment as if the ICMP , ARP and DHCP protocols in the IP network work together. Configure targeted-hello accept acl Remote binding: tsr: 2.2.2.2:0, tag: 200 Interface loopback0 Forwarding tagged messages 75000 Metric: 10 LSP Seq Num Tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 10 dynamic Used to confirm and request link status information Attribute Flags: 0x00000000 If a router has insufficient resources, it may not be able to maintain a complete link state database. Data traffic arriving at this device may not be able to be forwarded normally. Therefore, it has the ability to inform or alert other routers. The specific method is to It produces LSP in the Overload-bit set. It was set overload field that LSP does not diffuse in the network and is calculated by the overload routing the router will not use the LSP . In other words, overload router is bypassed transmission path ( Bypass ), and those with overload router as the last hop of the route (directly connected local network segment) involved in the calculation only. In addition, the white point is that the IS-IS router that receives the LSP can still generate a route to the direct connection of the overload router, but will not go to other destinations through this router.