ccna test questions and answers pdf

ccna test questions and answers pdf

R2# show ip route Tunnel mpls traffic-eng autoroute announce tunnel mpls traffic-eng priority 7 7 Tib entry: 10.1.23.0/24, rev 8 Network Service Access Point . It is a conceptual point on the boundary between the network layer and the transport layer. It is the location where the OSI network layer serves the transport layer. Each transport layer entity is assigned a unique NASP address. *Aug 18 09:06:02.699: Path MTU: 1500 Cisco Router 's ISO addressing R1#show mpls ldp discovery detail lab environment Moreover, since the default duration is indefinite, these entries will remain. Of course, if you modify the configuration on R1 : Then analyze in detail: The first is R2 on Show and debug 0/0/0 basic configuration An LDP session is a TCP session, and a TCP session may be attacked by TCP fragment spoofing. LDP authentication can be used for protection. MD5 will add a signature — called the MD5 digest, to the TCP segment. According to the protection object can be divided into: Next, we do the following configuration in the tunnel of R1 : LSP refresh inverval is the periodic flooding time of an LSP . The default is 15 minutes, which is 900S . MPLS TE considers configuring (static) bandwidth on the link *Aug 18 04:37:06.239: Error Code: 24 (Routing Problem) Packets with the same processing mode according to the process or IP DSCP field 1.1.1.1 [110/3] via 10.1.34.4, 00:53:36, FastEthernet1/0 ! FR The DLCI After all the LDP routers have sent the label bundles to each other, everyone gradually builds their own LFIB . Reservable Bandwidth[5]: In the ES and IS neighbor relationship is established between Next Hop R3 Pay attention to the distinction between autoroute and here . The autoroute feature is not activated in our configuration above . Autoroute feature and autoroute BGP route delivery in MPLS environment Ip address 10.1.34.4 255.255.255.0 IS-IS by Hello PDU padding size to the interface MTU large Let's look at an example: Unmarked / No Label: The entire label stack is removed and the message is forwarded in an unlabeled manner. *Aug 18 04:37:06.239: Tun Sender: 1.1.1.1 LSP ID: 20 Tunnel mpls traffic-eng priority 7 7 tunnel mpls traffic-eng bandwidth 20000 PDU length : the length of the entire PDU , including the header Device Link Sharing Detail: About Explicit Path Network 10.1.12.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 The command to define an Explicit path is as follows: The maximum bandwidth is the total bandwidth of the link. In CISCO IOS , this value matches the physical link or the configured bandwidth value. Ip router isis encapsulation frame-relay isis priority 100 R2 Interface Serial1/0 Configure on the physical interface: Egress LSRs — Egress LSRs receive labeled packets, remove the label(s), and send them on a data link. Ingress and egress LSRs are edge LSRs. 75000 Activate record route , which can make the PATH and RESV messages carry the record route object, record the IP passing along the tunnel , and can play a certain anti-ring effect. Of course, there are other important functions, which will be explained later. MPLS technology architecture *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: General Parameters break bit=0 service length=8 Ip cef Device Internet segment 10.1.xy.0 / 24 , where xy is the device number, X small y large ! Signalling: connected Redistribute connected level-1 O C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets TOS 0 Metrics: 1 R1.00-00 Routers use PSNP to request LSP latest version is lost or LSP . This applies to both point-to-point and broadcast links. *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: SESSION type 7 length 16: Network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 area 0 All routers in the IS-IS routing domain will generate LSPs . The following events will trigger a new LSP : 75000 Ip cef For prefix-access-list – the IP access list that selects the destinations for which the labels will be IS reachability Physical_bw: 100000 (kbps), max_reservable_bw_global: 75000 (kbps) Interface eth 0/0 O Route-map test permit 10 router isis Of course, we can also modify the TE metric , for example on the F1/0 port of R2 : FIB ! ! There have also been changes here. Or Tunnel Id Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth In the SWAP process,ccna test questions and answers pdf, after the label is exchanged, the inbound label TTL -1 is then copied to the outbound label TTL . 0 kbits/sec SysID 3.3.3.3 103 Ip address 10.1.123.3 255.255.255.0 EBGP adjacency is also established on the physical interface. R1.00-00 Version/ Protocol ID extension: Value is 1 10.1.12.2 LAN Priority: 64 Format: Phase V Metric Type: TE (default) InLabel : - // Prerequisites for binding a label to a route prefix locally Interface eth0 1/0 IS reachability Priority 0 : 9375000 *Aug 18 11:31:44.598: Interface Tunnel0 Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth Fa1/0 In PHP , we have seen the role of implicit null tags, of course, implicit null tags are not limited to PHP . It can also be used in messages with 2 , 3 or more tags in the tag stack . Using an implicit null label (in the LDP , the value is 3 ) on the outbound LSR will inform the penultimate hop router to remove the top label, and the labeled message passed to the outbound LSR will have one less label. In this case, the outbound LSR does not need to perform the search of two tags. Note that instead of using an implicit null tag, it is not necessary to pop all the tags in the tag stack, but to pop the top tag.