ccna exam questions and answers 2014 pdf free download

ccna exam questions and answers 2014 pdf free download

Configure the encapsulation mode of the tunnel as MPLS TE. LSPID 301 Ip address 10.1.12.2 255.255.255.0 After calculating the path, you need to reserve resources and distribute labels through RSVP . The RSVP path message is transmitted one hop along the calculated PATH and requests resources and labels. Then R7 will give the response and bring the label back. This tag distribution and resource reservation actions are also performed one by one. In this way, an LSP is finally established. R1(config-keychain)#exit Looking at the above topology, we need to establish a TE tunnel between R1 and R5 . Under normal network conditions, we want the tunnel path to be R1-R2-R5 , which is an explicit specified path. In order to make the tunnel path have a backup, we can define a path-option ,ccna exam questions and answers 2014 pdf free download, this path uses the dynamic setting method, let CSPF calculate it by itself, then the configuration is as above. There are actually some hidden dangers here. For example, using traceroute may expose the internal structure of the network ( after TTL=0 , the router will return an error message, which may expose network information). Interface Ethernet0/1 0 kbits/sec Of course, not the remote tag in LIB will be used. We also need to combine the FIB table to get the next hop information about the prefix. Finally form the LFIB table: Nterface fast0/0 mpls mtu mtu-size The Chinese translation of the verbatim word is "completely literal." The purpose of this is to preserve the EXP field in order to preserve QoS. For example, in the above topology, R1 establish a to R4 of TE the Tunnel , all routers have declared their loopback into OSPF . All interfaces cost are 1 . UP 28 The router uses PSNP to acknowledge multiple LSPs on the point-to-point link (the next one in the middle) Bandwidth: 20000 kbps (Global) Priority: 7 7 Affinity: 0x0/0xFFFF Show ip cef detail Show tcp brief *Aug 18 09:06:02.699: ADSPEC type 2 length 48: Show mpls ldp discovery detail Show mpls ldp parameters Show mpls ldp neighbor Oldtime Circuit Id Broadcast multi-access link *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: version:1 flags:0000 cksum:7A42 ttl:255 reserved:0 length:132 lab environment Of course, if you are running in a single zone, you can use a full L1 router or a full L2 router solution. Bytes tag switched Ip address 10.1.23.2 255.255.255.0 IGP Area[1] ID:: ospf area 0 System Information:: 204 Pop Label 5.5.5.5/32 0 Tu0 point2point MAC/Encaps=14/18, MRU=1500, Label Stack{304}, via Et0/1 0E00003017000E00003016108847 00130000 This state has three values: down , init , up OSI has established standards for two network protocols for routing: ES-IS and IS-IS : Ok, now when R1 is going to ping 4.4.4.4 , R1 has to check its own FIB , which is the CEF table. Note that this is an IP lookup: When IS-IS is running on an NBMA network, there are some problems. Src 1.1.1.1, Dst 5.5.5.5, Tun_Id 0, Tun_Instance 31 RSVP Path Info: In-label Out intf/label Election DIS . In this network, the DIS will generate and flood the new pseudo-node LSP on each of the routing layers it participates in (whether L1 or L2 ) and on each LAN it is connected to . Each router on the LAN establishes adjacency with all other routers and DISs , and does not elect to back up the DIS router. The elected DIS does not guarantee that it will always be DIS . Seq# Checksum Opaque ID Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth Configure the destination of the tunnel NLPID that identifies the network layer protocol packet is a 8 -bit field, the IPv6 is NLPID value 142 ( 0x8E ). If the IS-IS router supports Data plane : Data forwarding based on tags 10.1.23.2 Network 10.1.45.5 0.0.0.0 area 0 ...... ...... The acl-peer is an association ACL used to match the LDP peer to be protected . Note that the matching ACL must be the neighbor's LDP router ID. ! The configuration of R2-PE1 is as follows: It is only possible to establish adjacencies with neighboring routers at the same level. Backbone area Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth 10.1.23.3 [MPLS: Labels 300/403 Exp 0] 0 msec 4 msec 0 msec Mpls ldp router-id Loopback0 State: Oper; Msgs sent/rcvd: 19/19; Downstream Up time: 00:07:56 75000 Reservable Bandwidth[4]: Holdtime Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth Ip unnumbered Loopback0 tunnel mode mpls traffic-eng tunnel destination 5.5.5.5 IS-IS The configuration of R5 is as follows: Assume that this is an internal network of the operator, R4 is the national trunk, R2 and R3 are left to the provincial, and the provincial internal ran IS-IS to carry the routing prefix information in the Core , and as the provincial dry exit R2 , R3 The route prefix or default route of a specific national trunk is issued. We take the default route example here. Both R2 and R3 maintain the EBGP neighbor relationship with R4 . In this case, R2 is required to be upgraded and then restarted. After the restart, IS-IS converges faster than BGP . After the first convergence, R2 to the IS-IS area. Internal flooding LSP , R1 will use R2 as the next hop of some route prefix, or the next hop of the default route. However, at this time , BGP of R2 does not converge, so that R2 is reached.The data may be discarded and black holes appear.