download ccna exam questions

download ccna exam questions

O Untagged !! Activate mpls on the interface , actually activate ldp !!! R2 . But why? The reason is that the label assigned by R2 to route 10.1.12.0 is PoP , because 12.0 is the directly connected network segment of R2 , and there is a second-end hop pop-up mechanism. Then this IP packet is R2 to stop the meal , because R2 does not have 6.6.6.6 and 5.5.5.5 routing. How to do? The label mapping message advertised locally is meaningful to the local . The label corresponding to the same FEC advertised from different interfaces is different. Network 10.1.45.5 0.0.0.0 area 0 *Aug 18 04:37:06.239: IS Hops:1 *Aug 18 09:06:02.699: Tun Sender: 1.1.1.1 LSP ID: 247 MPLS TE tunnel Interface fas1/0 1 The CSPF calculation is performed by the head end of the tunnel , and the result of the calculation is a string of IP ( path of the tunnel ) Tunnel mpls traffic-eng autoroute metric absolute resolution if the configuration of R2 is changed to: Router-id 3.3.3.3 Untag will remove all tag headers and turn them into a pure IP message. Mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls label range 300 399 Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth We see that the main content of the pseudo-node LSP is the IS connected to this pseudo-node . Look at the neighbors of isis again : CSPF ( Constrained Shortest Path First ) SPF algorithm with constraints IGP System ID: 2.2.2.2 Finally, let's complete the configuration of R1 : 10.1.45.5* Available bandwidth of the available bandwidth interface !! It can be seen that the f0/0 port has been separated by 33M. 55000 0x0000000E Tunnel mpls traffic-eng bandwidth 2000 ! LDP non-directly connected neighbors Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth Router ospf 1 Basic Experiment 1 ( OSPF ) Ip cef Ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255 10.1.23.3 ! Mpls ldp sync OSI has established standards for two network protocols for routing: ES-IS and IS-IS : Network 10.1.23.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: 10.1.12.1 (Strict IPv4 Prefix, 8 bytes, /32) Tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 10 explicit name R2R4R5 no routing dynamic Configure this hidden command on the penultimate hop router (that is, R2 in the figure above ): 0 kbits/sec MP ( Merge Point ): Convergence point, which is the end of the backup tunnel. It can also be understood as the junction point of the primary tunnel and the backup tunnel. *Aug 18 04:37:06.239: Token bucket fragment (service_id=1, length=6 words Interface Tunnel0 When the LAN interface activates IS-IS , the router immediately sends IIH , where IIH contains a LANID , which is displayed in the message as 10.1.13.3 10.1.23.3 [MPLS: Label 300 Exp 0] 108 msec 116 msec 64 msec Reservable Bandwidth[7]: Packet data unit data unit LDP initial/maximum backoff: 15/120 sec LDP loop detection: off LDP autoconfig Mpls traffic-eng router-id Loopback0 mpls traffic-eng area 0 Nterface Periodic flooding Down Thresholds: 100 99 98 97 96 95 90 85 80 75 60 45 30 15 IGP metric: 1 The configuration of R5 is as follows: 0xA339 LSP Checksum Look again at R4 's isis database : Create a tunnel *Aug 18 11:26:02.546: ---------- TE can provide a solution to avoid link overload by controlling traffic or partial traffic. Let's make a comparison: ! *Aug 18 04:37:06.239: min unit=0 bytes, max pkt size=2147483647 bytes IS-IS basic module After receiving the label from the tail router, the penultimate hop router uses the label as the outbound label of the TE tunnel , and assigns a label to the tunnel and places the label in the label object in the RESV message. Send it to its own upstream router. Also called a pseudonode, it is a virtual router in a broadcast multi-access network, created by DIS. 5.5.5.5 [110/31] via 10.1.23.3, 00:03:44, Ethernet0/1 You can use the no mpls ldp igp sync command on a particular interface to turn off synchronization on the interface. IGP Id: 1.1.1.1, MPLS TE Id: 1.1.1.1 Router Node id 1 LS age: 43 R4 the loopback port) of the OSPF Metric =. 3 , so the default TE metric = 3 Src 1.1.1.1, Dst 4.4.4.4, Tun_Id 0, Tun_Instance 2 RSVP Path Info: Configure this feature on the A device (usually on the edge device) no mpls ip propagate-ttl Activate the fast-reroute feature on R1 and observe the phenomenon Record Route ( RRO ) RSVP Signalling Info: Establish mapping of data link layer address to network layer address ( CLNP address) We can avoid this problem by using overload-bit . The command is explained as follows (configured under the router isis process): Physical_bw: 100000 (kbps), max_reservable_bw_global: 75000 (kbps) R3.02-00 0/0/0 The configuration of R1 is as follows (other basic configurations are omitted directly): Related standards: Router ospf 1 0 kbits/sec Tib entry: 10.1.34.0/24, rev 12 *Aug 18 04:37:06.243: STYLE type 1 length 8 : ! The basic feature of MPLS is that all packets are tagged, so it is impossible to distribute labels such as OSPF ,download ccna exam questions, EIGRP , RIP , and ISIS . Then you need a new protocol that is independent of all routing protocols and can be used in conjunction with all IGPs . LDP is one such protocol. Of course, BGP is because it carries external routes. Therefore, it is more effective and even perfect to use BGP itself to distribute tags. Therefore, BGP can implement multiple protocols, and the impact of using it to distribute tag information is very small. And BGP is the only protocol that distributes prefixes between AS autonomous systems.