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10.1.12.2 Tag header TTL and IP header TTL is the same, is usually copied from IP header TTL value (when an IP packet enters the MPLS network), which is TTL propatation Interface eth 0/1 Mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls label range 400 499 * Aug 18 04: 37: 06.239 : Outgoing PathTear: !! dismantle tunnel 0 kbits/sec Interface Loopback0 Show isis spf-log It became untagged , before it was POP , why is it untagged now? Analysis, we modified the R2 's loopback mouth, into 2.2.2.2/24 , then for R2 own,ccna exam registration, this is the direct route 2.2.2.0/24 , right? R2 may for this 2.2.2.0/24 assign a label, since it is directly connected, so R2 to this prefix divided empty tag 3 . Then send the label mapping message to other LDP neighbors including R1 and R3 : The label mapping message that is advertised locally is meaningful to the global . The labels corresponding to the same FEC advertised from different interfaces are the same. Forwarding tagged messages 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets *Aug 18 04:37:06.239: version=0, length in words=7 It has been verified by experiments. Use debug mpls traffic-eng tunnels events and debug mpls traffic-eng tunnels reoptimize . *Aug 18 11:26:02.546: Network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets Every downstream neighbor 30S sending RESV message 10.1.34.0/24 Status: *Aug 18 11:26:02.546: Traceroute 1.1.1.1 source 10.1.35.55 *Aug 18 04:37:06.243: FLOWSPEC type 2 length 36: Mpls ldp router-id Loopback0 1.1.1.1 Current LSP: Pop Label IGP Area[1] ID:: ospf area 0 System Information:: You can use router(config)# ip rsvp signalling rate-limit to limit the rate at which signaling messages are sent or use router(config-if)# hold-queue x in to limit the rate of reception. Targeted Hello 1.1.1.1 -> 3.3.3.3, active, passive 10.1.12.2 Tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 10 explicit name R1R2R5 tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 20 dynamic Route Distinguisher: 2345:6 The router address TLV carries the router TE router ID for the TE . Is a sequence of LSRs that switch a labeled packet through an MPLS network or part of an MPLS network. From the debug information of R1 , you can see: Discovery Sources: bibliography Next-address 10.1.23.3 6B is systemID + 1B of PSN ID Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth Fa0/0 Mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls label range 400 499 MPLS LDP-IGP synchronization can be used to solve this problem. Note that the MPLS LDP-IGP solution cannot be used for BGP label distribution. ! Record Route: 10.1.34.3 10.1.13.1 i L1 10.1.34.0 [115/20] via 10.1.123.3, FastEthernet0/0 C 10.1.123.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 i* L1 0.0.0.0/0 [115/10] via 10.1.123.3, FastEthernet0/0 203 Protocol overview The configuration of R5 is as follows: Setting the priority indicates how important a tunnel is so that it can preempt other tunnels ; 0x4769 Use the above command to view the TE metric. Ip address 55.55.55.55 255.255.255.255 Mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls label range 200 299 Circuit type : 01 means L1 router, 10 means L2 router, 11 means L1/2 router Router ospf 100 *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: version:1 flags:0000 cksum:BFD0 ttl:255 reserved:0 length:132 Comment Show isis database on R1 !! set overload-bit 10.1.34.4 10.1.45.4 10.1.45.5 5.5.5.5 Activate the MPLS TE tunnel feature on the interface. 3.3.3.3/32 Net 49.0001.0000.0000.0004.00 If the bandwidth parameter is not followed by the command, the "reservable bandwidth" of the interface defaults to 75% of the physical bandwidth of the interface . 3.3.3.3/32 LSP Seq Num LSP Checksum LSP Holdtime Reservable Bandwidth[0]: Mpls ldp igp sync holddown msecs PSNP Type 2 length 36: 75000 R4#sh mpls tr tun Fa0/0 Router(config)#tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-selection metric ? igp use IGP metric Mainly used to replace type 2 TLVs to provide larger metrics. In addition, it also supports IS-IS based MPLS TE *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: 10.1.12.1 (Strict IPv4 Prefix, 8 bytes, /32) R1#show ip cef 4.4.4.0 detail 4.4.4.0/24, epoch 0 (Link Data) Router Interface address: 0.0.0.13 Number of MTID metrics: 0 Remote binding: tsr: 2.2.2.2:0, tag: 200 ID: path option 10 [8] Router ospf 1 mpls ldp sync The initial environment is as shown above, and the traffic from R1 to R8 has been carried on the green path shown in the figure. Ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 Et0/1 When R1 recalculates the shortest path, it does not consider passing the R2 out area. Then there is only a default route to R3 on R1 . Of course, the route directly connected to R2 can still be seen on R1 . Frame-relay map ip 10.1.123.3 201 broadcast frame-relay map clns 201 broadcast Reservable Bandwidth[3]: The above commands can also be configured in the tunnel port. Experimental configuration 10.1.34.4 [MPLS: Label 403 Exp 0] 0 msec 0 msec 4 msec Domain-wide Prefix Distribution with Two-Level IS-IS Record Route: NONE PATH Router ospf 1 10.1.34.4 [MPLS: Labels 403/505 Exp 0] 0 ​​msec 4 msec 0 msec Mpls ldp router-id loopback0 mpls label protocol ldp Periodic update. Swap: The top label is removed and a new label is used instead of the removed label. Note that this time R2 generated LSP already set overload-bit up , the R1 on the show isis database to see Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth Interface Loopback0 InLabel : - The configuration of R1 is as follows: Mpls ldp router-id Loopback0 Do not elect DIS , use CSNP to trigger database synchronization after the link is established . R2-PE1#show ip route Reservable Bandwidth[0]: In area 49.0001, we can see that all routers flood their own LSPs . LSPs are represented by LSPIDs , such as R1.00-00 . This R1 is the hostname of the device . Here we have the default hostname mapping mechanism. See above. . In addition , 00 after R1 is a pseudo node identifier, and 00 means that the originating router of the LSP is not a DIS , and then the last 00 is a fragmentation flag. Router ospf 1 75000 *Aug 18 04:37:06.239: ADSPEC type 2 length 48: 10.1.34.4 Intra-domain routing protocol discriminator: This is the network layer identifier assigned to IS-IS with a value of 0x83 Debug ip rsvp dump-messages Tunnel mpls traffic-eng forwarding-adjacency Neighbors should use PSNP to confirm this LSP The configuration of R1 is as follows: Is-type level-1 metric-style wide 0x00000029 For Layer 2 link layer encapsulation, it can be all package types supported by CISCO IOS , PPP , HDLC , Ethernet, and so on. Then in the header of these Layer 2 , it is necessary to have a corresponding protocol field to indicate that the upper layer is a label header. Fa0/0 Redistribute ospf 1 vrf VPN-A match internal external 1 external 2 exit-address-family The IS-IS network layer protocol ID in the ISO protocol stack is 0x83. Config Parameters: Activate record route , which can make the PATH and RESV messages carry the record route object, record the IP passing along the tunnel , and can play a certain anti-ring effect. Of course, there are other important functions, which will be explained later. As a result, the Level 1 LSP sent by R1 carries the cipher text authentication TLV . However, since R2 does not enable authentication, the LSPs sent by R1 are sent to R2 . R2 ignores the authentication information in the LSP and directly reads the LSP . Therefore, R2 can learn the route advertised by R1 . Of course, there is no R1 routing. The flooding of LSPs means that when a router reports its own LSPs to neighboring routers , the neighboring routers transmit the same LSPs to its neighboring routers, and then LSPs are transmitted to the entire hierarchy. One way inside. Through this "flooding", each router in the entire hierarchy can have the same LSP information and keep the LSDB synchronized. Each LSP has its own 4- byte serial number. The sequence number of the first LSP sent by the router is 1. When the new LSP needs to be generated , the sequence number of the new LSP is incremented by 1 on the previous LSP sequence number . A higher serial number means an updated LSP .