ccna global exam question papers

ccna global exam question papers

information 10.1.23.0/24 Imagine if AB link between carrying a lot of the Tunnel , then when this root link DOWN out of time, will likely trigger a large amount in a short time PATHtear and ResvTear , so how to optimize it? In this way, B receives a label packet with a label value of 22 sent by A , and pops the label to obtain an IP packet, and then forwards it to C , and then C only needs to search and forward the FIB table of the IP packet . Network 10.1.45.4 0.0.0.0 area 0 Time since created: 10 minutes, 5 seconds Time since path change: 9 minutes, 49 seconds Terminal system ES Overview .......................................... ISO protocol (data link type on Ethernet is FEFE ), in Metric: 10 0x7056 The above label, there is another way to see, is to look at the TE Tunnel directly on R2 : Mpls traffic-eng router-id loopback 0 mpls traffic-eng level-1 Interface eth 0/0 Signalling: connected 303 Interface fast 0/0 0x4F65 Ip address 10.1.123.3 255.255.255.0 Router-id 4.4.4.4 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets When the router initiates IIH , the circuit type in the header is set according to the configuration we have made : L1 , L2 or L1-2 . ! This command only R3 on L2 routes redistributed into the OSPF , but R3 activated IS-IS is S0 / 0 direct port they will not be redistributed into Set-overload-bit Needless to say this? Activate CEF The link ID can be the router ID of the neighbor . If it is a multiple access link, it is the interface address of the DR . ! *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: SESSION_ATTRIBUTE type 7 length 16: R1 has already completed the collection of its own TEDB information, and the calculation process of the tunnel path is completed on R1 . Oper: up Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth Type Block Create a TE tunnel on R1 , the source is its own loopback0 , and the destination is 4.4.4.4 of R4 . Show mpls ldp discovery detail Show mpls ldp parameters Show mpls ldp neighbor 0/0/0 C OSPF is encapsulated in an IP packet with the protocol number of 89. i ia 10.1.24.0 [115/148] via 10.1.123.2, FastEthernet0/0 Meanwhile, in order to avoid loops, R2 in the area level1 when injected these routes will be marked downbit , As a result, R3 receive this LSP , for these routes, it will not flood the backbone inside. Reservable Bandwidth[5]: In this environment, all physical interfaces OSPF cost = 10 , Loopback port cost = 1 Local Circuit ID Local circuit ID is a link identifier. The identity of this circuit is assigned by the router that sent the Hello PDU and is unique on the interface of the router. At the other end of the point-to-point link , the local circuit ID in the Hello message may or may not be the same value. 104 Network 10.1.34.4 0.0.0.0 area 0 The configuration of R5 is supplemented as follows: Use the detail keyword to view the details of the LFIB forwarding entry, including the Layer 2 information, and all the label content. If you don't add it, you can only see the top label. Source-based routing can be used here. This LSP is called an MPLS TE tunnel. It is one-way. And the configuration of the tunnel only needs to be performed on the headend LSR . There are actually some hidden dangers here. For example, using traceroute may expose the internal structure of the network ( after TTL=0 , the router will return an error message, which may expose network information). 0 kbits/sec O 2.2.2.2 [110/2] via 10.1.12.2, 00:00:37, FastEthernet0/0 104 Type Set-overload-bit on-startup wait-for-bgp Average rate = 250000 bytes/sec, burst depth = 1000 bytes Name: R1_t0 (Tunnel0) Destination: 4.4.4.4 Status: Shared-Explicit (SE) FLOWSPEC MP ( Merge Point ): Convergence point, which is the end of the backup tunnel. It can also be understood as the junction point of the primary tunnel and the backup tunnel. Flooding Status: ready ...... ...... Interface eth 0/0 After the tunnel setup failed My Address: 10.1.12.1 OSPF , this is not the same as other IGP protocols. Therefore, if you want to make the routing full, you need to add a re-release directly to R3 . R3#show ip cef exact-route 10.1.35.55 1.1.1.1 6bits When you are in a LSR configured on a TE Tunnel when the LSR becomes this TE tunnel head-end LSR . Next you can specify the destination LSR of the TE Tunnel , and the restrictions it must comply with, such as the guaranteed bandwidth of the tunnel, etc. These related parameters are at the headend LSR . IS-IS Level-2 Link State Database: Fa0/0 IP Address: Metric: 10 Priority 3 : 9375000 R2.00-00 A route 10.1.1.0/24 on E was advertised, and now it is summarized on C. The summary route is 10.1.0.0/16 and is advertised to B. 1B of the sub-TLV length !! OSPF cost of the interface The maximum number of regional addresses configured by a single router must be the same as that of neighboring neighbors. By default, CISCO IOS routers support the maximum number. Is-type level-1 metric-style wide ! Small to check if the MTU of both parties matches Allocated i/f max flow max sub max Interface eth 0/1 *Aug 18 04:37:06.239: Controlled Load Service break bit=0 service length=0 Tunnel mode mpls traffic-eng tunnel destination 4.4.4.4 InLabel : - Net 49.0001.0000.0000.0002.00 Net 49.0001.0000.0000.0002.00 Or Tunnel Id SRM and SSM are used to coordinate diffusion and database synchronization ! This time, we do some tests, R1 configuration area-password and R2 are not the same configuration. In this way , although the neighbor relationship can be established for R1 and R2 , they cannot learn the route of the other party, because neither party recognizes the LSPs . * 0x0000000B Flooding Protocol: OSPF Header Information:: Interface Ethernet0/0 Router(config)#ip explicit-path name ccietea About 30.0 / 24 prefix, C allocates a label 23 , the mapping is transmitted to the B ; B local to 30.0 / 24 allocates a label 22 , the mapping is transmitted to the A . MPLS is a forwarding technology based on packet labeling *Aug 18 11:26:02.546: L1 RFC 3787 Name: R1_t0 Status: Level1 : Relative to the concept of a single area, consists of L1 routers in this area, and its routing information is published to Backbone . 199 , R2 is 200 299 , and so on. Prefix Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth Modify the bandwidth UP/DOWN threshold Tunnel mpls traffic-eng autoroute metric 32 AutoRoute Overview ! L2 rouer redistributes external routes into IS-IS Bandwidth: 2000 kbps (Global) Priority: 7 7 Affinity: 0x0/0xFFFF Metric Type: TE (default) IS-Extended R2.01 The TEDB already has link state information in all areas, so there is no need to use the IGP routing protocol. R3#show mpls forwarding-table Phenomenon analysis Ip address 10.1.123.1 255.255.255.0 Build an IP routing table Tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 10 explicit name R2R4R5 no routing dynamic The database is also calculated by the CSPF algorithm, and the result is the path of the tunnel — a sequence of IP addresses. Mpls traffic-eng signalling interpret explicit-null verbatim We see that although the tunnel is established between R3 and R5 , this tunnel is invisible to R1 . In the eyes of R1 , only the OSPF links are OSPF cost , so R1 goes to R6 , which is definitely The above link is preferred because the cost is small. Fragment number : 0 [Note] If the router receives a tagged packet and the top tag cannot be found in the local LFIB , the CISCO IOS will discard it. Link state information IGP itself supports Ip router isis interface Serial0/0 R1#show ip cef 4.4.4.4 Hop Addr: 10.1.12.2 LIH: 0x0D000408 Provide network stability Time since path change: 10 minutes, 34 seconds Number of LSP IDs (Tun_Instances) used: 521 Maximum reservable bandwidth : 9375000 Number of Priority : 8 O 2.2.2.2 [110/2] via 10.1.23.2, 00:09:07, FastEthernet0/0 Mpls traffic-eng router-id loopback0 mpls traffic-eng area 0 Available bandwidth of the available bandwidth interface Needless to say this? Activate CEF *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: Path Latency (microseconds):0 Interface eth 0/1 Basic principles for establishing IS-IS adjacency relationships !! Re-release the local direct loopback 2.2.2.0/24 to level1 *Aug 18 04:37:06.243: service id = 5, service length = 6 No bgp default ipv4-unicast neighbor 2.2.2.2 remote-as 2345 Alternatively, you can configure the following command on the tail router: *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: Tun Sender: 1.1.1.1 LSP ID: 247 Redistribute connected level-1 Or Tunnel Id Hello data unit: sent periodically to determine whether other ISs are running IS-IS , establish adjacencies, exchange LSPs , and synchronize LSDBs . Area Address: 49.0001 5 10.1.15.5 1564 msec 1124 msec 1484 msec MAC/Encaps=14/18, MRU=1500, Label Stack{204} CA014FEC0008CA004FEC00088847 000CC000 Similar to the concept of DR in OSPF MPLS label header. At the same time, the header of the Layer 2 data link layer will be instructed accordingly. For example, the Ethernet data frame, the TYPE field of the MAC layer indicates whether the upper layer data is an mpls label frame (if it is an IPv4 packet, the value is 0x0800 , if it is a label packet) Then it is 8847 -unicast or 8848- multicast) R2#show mpls traffic-eng fast-reroute database Ip address 10.1.123.1 255.255.255.0 Tunnel mpls traffic-eng autoroute metric absolute 32 Known via "isis", distance 115, metric 168, type inter area Src 1.1.1.1, Dst 5.5.5.5, Tun_Id 0, Tun_Instance 31 RSVP Path Info: RFC 2210 The Use of RSVP with IETF Intergrated Services RFC3209 RSVP Extension to TE Interface eth 0/1 Exit SNPA is equivalent to the Layer 2 address of NSAP or NET . 2.2.2.2/32 For point-to-point interfaces, SNPA is the unique identifier for the circuit. For example, on the HDLC point-to-point link, the circuit ID is 0x00. *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: version=0, length in words=7 Ip prefix-list test seq 5 permit 5.5.5.0/24 route-map test permit 10 Route redistribution MPLS TE traffic forwarding A router can have up to 254 th Area ID . Of course, generally one router belongs to one area, and the situation of multiple areas may be used for merging, splitting or changing of areas (see below). There are four metric types: The L1 and L2 IIH PDUs on the LAN are sent to different multicast MAC addresses: L1 is 0180-C200-0014 and L2 is 0180-C200-0015 Interface Loopback0 Fa0/0 Mpls ldp router-id loopback0 Affinity property Affinity Attributes and mask Ip cef Router isis The RESVTear message is similar to the RESV except that it is sent when the tail router responds to the received PathTear message. On C , first look up the LFIB table and find that the label is to be popped up, so it will pop up the label and pop up and find it is an IP packet, so go check FIB again. RFC 3847 Route summarization must be performed on the originating router of the L2 route,ccna global exam question papers, otherwise invalid Label Mapping message Interface loopback0 Used to establish and maintain adjacent relationships After the above configuration, we will find, R1 can learn to R2 , R3 route, but R2 , R3 between can not learn the route to the peer. Continue to show it: ! Local tag *Aug 18 04:37:06.243: FILTER_SPEC type 7 length 12: 75000 *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: AFI+IDI is used to identify the Domain Device Internet segment 10.1.xy.0 / 24 , where xy is the device number, X small y large In TLV ), other messages were not seen. The command is as follows (interface level): Tag rewrite with Fa0/0, 10.1.34.3, tags imposed: {303} Interface eth0/0 At this time, TTL propagation can be turned off ( CISCO router is enabled by default) Prefix Although the implicit null tag also uses a tag with a tag value of 3 , tag 3 will never appear in the tag stack of the MPLS message, which is why it is called an implicit null tag. O 3.3.3.3 [110/3] via 10.1.12.2 , 00:00:37, FastEthernet0/0 After completing this configuration, take a look at the phenomenon: 75000 Find a LFIB , LFIB has the next hop information, so the top label is popped up and then handed over to the next hop without having to look up the FIB table again (if the label is popped, it is an IP packet). AutoRoute: disabled LockDown: disabled Loadshare: 20000 bw-based CSPF algorithm overview The interval at which the DIS sends CSNP packets is 10S by default. Sub Pool The router on Lan establishes adjacency with all other routers. In OSPF , the router on the LAN only establishes adjacency with the DR . ! Integrated IS-IS configuration Broadcast network Ip router isis ! Then go to R2 and look at it: Router(config-if)#mpls traffic-eng administrative-weight ? Detailed information There is DIS in the LAN , DIS generates and updates the pseudo node information, and spreads the LSP in the LAN . The DIS sends CSNP every 10s , which lists the LSPs stored in its link state database . These CSNPs are multicasted to all IS-IS routers on the LAN . General Parameters break bit=0 service length=8 Object name Pop tag Next-address 10.1.24.4 1921.6800.1024. IS-IS Transient Blackhole Avoidance Terminal system ES Next Hop Attribute Flags: 0x00000000 ! Fa0/0 Network 10.1.12.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 Local Except for HELLO packets based on UDP646 , other packets are based on TCP port number 646. Ip cef Interfaces: Interface eth 0/1 Ip cef R3#show ip cef exact-route 10.1.35.55 1.1.1.1 State: Oper; Msgs sent/rcvd: 9/9; Downstream LSP midpoint frr information: LSP identifier ! It also accepts and understands the interpretation of LSPs carrying TLV22 and TLV135 . 10.1.34.4 Ip address 10.1.45.5 255.255.255.0 IS-IS is IIH Overview 0x0000000F Ip rsvp bandwidth Remove: The top label is removed. The forwarding of the message depends on the remaining tags in the tag stack, or it is forwarded as an unlabeled message. Address-family ipv4 vrf VPN-A no synchronization IP internal reachability information Moreover, it is not necessary to maintain the matching time of both parties when establishing the adjacency relationship. 5.5.5.5/32 *Aug 18 11:31:44.598: RSVP Path Info: After the connection is successfully established, the interactive initialization message is started, and the initialization message contains various parameters. The other party also sends its own initialization message, and if it receives the parameters in the former initialization message, it sends a keep alive message to accept. At this point, the LDP neighbor relationship is established, and then the label mapping message can be transmitted to each other.