ccna practice questions pdf

ccna practice questions pdf

Tun Dest: Can use the default or use this command to modify Router(config-if)# bandwidth ? Run OSPF on the entire network to announce direct connection and loopback interface. 10.1.12.2 (Link ID) Designated Router address: 10.1.12.2 (Link Data) Router Interface address: 10.1.12.2 Number of TOS metrics: 0 TE can provide a solution to avoid link overload by controlling traffic or partial traffic. Let's make a comparison: Experimental results: MPLS VPN Backbone carried out within for MPLS TE in the OSPF extensions and R1 build on a TE the Tunnel , for their own sources of the Loopback0 , for the purpose of R5 is 5.5.5.5 Message type *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: peak rate =250000 bytes/sec The Level1 area is a collection of L1 routers and L1/L2routers , and Level2area is a collection of L2 routers and L1/L2 routers . Default metric 0180-C200-0015 Network 55.55.55.55 area 0 Opaque ID: 0 IS-IS routing hierarchy *Aug 18 04:37:06.239: HOP type 1 length 12: OutLabel : FastEthernet1/0,ccna practice questions pdf, implicit-null RSVP Signalling Info: Path Protect Parameters: The role of Designated IS ( DIS ) Net 49.0001.0000.0000.0001.00 Unmarked / No Label: The entire label stack is removed and the message is forwarded in an unlabeled manner. SPF calculation Assuming the bandwidth of the local physical outgoing interface is 100M , the default reservable bandwidth of rsvp is 75% . Here is 75M. IGP Neighbor: ID 10.1.12.2 Explicit Route: 10.1.23.3 10.1.34.3 10.1.34.4 4.4.4.4 In a broadcast multi-access network, a router is elected as a DIS , and a peer-to-peer network does not require a DIS. Tag information from 10.1.15.0/24, shared local tag: 403 Both data packets have the same format and each carry a collection of LSP summary information. The difference is that the CSNP carries summary information of all known LSPs in the link state database of the router , and the PSNP carries one of the subsets. To distinguish Level-1 , Level-2 link state database, the router generates Ll , L2 of independent SNP packets. Configuration example 1 : Tunnel destination 5.5.5.5 Mpls ldp router-id loopback0 Net 49.0002.0000.0000.0004.00 DIS , initially composed of the local SystemID + unique local circuit ID . The router starts to listen to ESH , ISH , IIH at the same time . Create a TE tunnel on R1 , the source is its own loopback0 , and the destination is 4.4.4.4 of R4 . Here there is a potential problem, because Level1 Router , do not know level2 routing (outside the region) information, instead of looking for the nearest L1 / L2 router to your destination, then it may appear sub-optimal path In order to solve this problem, IS-IS introduced a mechanism called route leakage. Interface tunnel0 OAM is basically used for error detection, location, and monitoring implementation. This tag distinguishes between ordinary messages and OAM messages. CISCO IOS does not use tag 14 , which performs MPLS OAM but is not implemented by tag 14 . ! Moreover, it is not necessary to maintain the matching time of both parties when establishing the adjacency relationship. Link IP Address: 10.1.23.2 Support for diagnosis of LSP tunnel From the above figure, we can see that R1 and R4 act as L1 routers and only maintain the link state database of Level1 , and R2 and R3 are L1/L2. Mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls label range 300 399 Mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls label range 400 499 MPLS TE of AutoRoute characteristics of the TE tunnel as a direct link participating SPF calculation (except R2 themselves) Summary of tag processing actions Path option 10, type dynamic (Basis for Setup, path weight 3) Lists the Layer 3 protocol supported by the integrated IS-IS protocol. Currently only CLNP *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: Path Latency (microseconds):0 ! Untag : Pops up all the tags and then forwards them according to the next hop (find FIB table). There are three reasons for the occurrence of untag : Net 49.0001.0000.0000.0003.00 R3.02 Take it. Tspec: ave rate=2000 kbits, burst=1000 bytes, peak rate=2000 kbits RSVP Resv Info: ISIS for NBMA support network is still flawed, as in the previous experiment demonstrates, if it is run on a Frame Relay main interfaces ISIS , or P2MP run on sub-interfaces ISIS , then you must ask PVC full-mesh, otherwise, the route study Not normal, but even if the PVC is fully interconnected, there are hidden dangers. If a PVC fails, routing will still have problems. O 3.3.3.3 [110/3] via 10.1.12.2 , 00:00:37, FastEthernet0/0 The allocated bandwidth is periodically adjusted to be the largest sample for the tunnel since the last adjustment View message !! Only one interface activates MPLS TE CLNP is similar to the IP protocol except that it serves the ISO transport layer. IS-IS , ES-IS , and CLNP are network layer protocols that are encapsulated directly in the data link layer frame. Compared with the OSPF packet in TCP/IP , it is hidden behind the IP header. The encapsulation efficiency of the former protocol packet is higher. Auto-bw: disabled 4 OSP PDU The configuration of RouterB is as follows: In the Level1 link state database. Each zone in the IS-IS domain has a unique Level1 link state database. The shortest path is calculated by the SPF algorithm. Redistribute isis ip level-2 into level-1 route-map test Hop Addr: 10.1.12.2 LIH: 0x0D000408 Some SPFs are restricted for inter-domain and external routing, and any inter-domain link turbulence caused by smaller areas and hierarchical topology extensions leads to complete Protect lsp path: 10.1.12.1 10.1.12.2 0xCC My Address: 10.1.23.2 The tunnel configuration of R2 is modified as follows: The configuration of R3 is as follows: Bytes tag switched Or, I let the LDP adjacency between R1-R4 be established, then the OSPF between R1-R4 will naturally come up. Well, we now let the LDP adjacency between R1-R4 , and then the OSPF adjacency will be automatically established. Mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls label range 100 199 LSP Tunnel R1_t0 is signalled, connection is up Ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255 10.1.34.4 [MPLS: Labels 404/505 Exp 0] 0 ​​msec 0 msec 0 msec OSPF Ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0 ip router isis Now let 's take the traffic going to 4.4.4.4 on the R1 to the tunnel , using one of the simplest methods: static routing. R4 configuration is as follows Set-overload-bit value Remarks Class of data – The FEC which is mapped onto it Downstream on Demand max hop count: 255 Downstream on Demand Path Vector Limit: 255 LDP for targeted sessions Session hold time: 180 sec; keep alive interval: 60 sec Discovery hello: holdtime: 15 sec; interval: 5 sec Discovery targeted hello: holdtime: 90 sec; interval: 10 sec TOS 0 Metrics: 1 !! Re-release the local direct loopback 2.2.2.0/24 to level1 75000 kbits/sec, Metric: 10 Ip cef 10.1.23.3 [MPLS: Label 300 Exp 0] 0 msec 0 msec 0 msec IGP flooding Received in packets other than Database Description packets . ISO 8348/Ad2 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets ! Note that since R1 activates MPLS LDP-IGP synchronization, before the LDP adjacency relationship between R1 and R4 is established, the interface connecting R4 on R1 will not send OSPF HELLO packets, that is, R1-R4 . OSPF adjacencies can never be established. Of course, we don't want to watch the R1-R4 screw up, it's not good for anyone, isn't it? So configure one on R1 : Ip address 10.1.45.4 255.255.255.0 Src 1.1.1.1, Dst 4.4.4.4, Tun_Id 0, Tun_Instance 2 RSVP Path Info: *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: SENDER_TSPEC type 2 length 36: Untag : Pops up all the tags and then forwards them according to the next hop (find FIB table). There are three reasons for the occurrence of untag : *Aug 18 04:37:06.239: ERROR_SPEC type 1 length 12: Now we activate LDP for all interfaces . Then on R3 : PATH The L1 router only has the link state database of Level1 in the area , and contains routing information of all L1 routers in the area. Outgoing Router-id 4.4.4.4 Network 10.1.12.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 Last update from 10.1.123.2 on FastEthernet0/0, 00:01:32 ago Routing Descriptor Blocks: *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: 10.1.24.4 (Strict IPv4 Prefix, 8 bytes, /32) The interface of each router activates RSVP and MPLS TE tunnel support. BandwidthOverride: disabled LockDown: disabled Verbatim: disabled 10.1.35.55 -> 1.1.1.1 : FastEthernet0/0 (next hop 10.1.23.2) The routing table of R2 is as follows (omit direct route): First R2 routing table: Outgoing interface Priority 5 : 9375000 Mpls ip We know that by default, IS-IS is level1 area much like a Stub (but allow people to re-advertise external routes coming in, so just say they look like), Area within the L1 router through a default route to reach outside the region, which have A suboptimal path may be generated because he is looking for the nearest L1\L2 router in the region .