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! In the Probe state, every unicast NS is sent every RetransTime ( r default 1S ) , and MAX_Unicast_Solicit is sent before waiting for RetransTimer . Realize network interconnection Two-way re-release of OSPF and RIP In direction By default, the RIP running on the CISCO router sends v1 and receives v1 v2 . If the display is declared as v1 ( use the version in the RIP process) Interface loopback0 External EIGRP Ipv6 unicast-routing Image Ipv6 enable interface Serial0/1 Run RIPv2 , the default R1 update 1.0.0.0/8 is summarized to R2 , and the automatic summary is closed on R1 , then R2 learns to 1.1.1.0/24 , and since it still starts automatic summarization, the update to R3 is 1.0.0.0. /8 . This time if R2 on ip route 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 null0 , then R2 is routed on the table 1.1.1.0 becomes static static routing, and the R2 is no longer to R3 updated RIP 's ICMP error messages limited to one every 100 milliseconds ICMP redirects are enabled X This is not much to say? For PBR , when creating a route-map , it is all permit . Martian NEXTHOP; Switchport access vlan 20 interface vlan 10 Image R3 ATT/P/OL FastEthernet1/0 Manual tunneling technology: manual IPv6 over IP tunnel, GRE tunnel 2.2.2.0, but the update is 2.0.0.0 after the summary Input conditions: length < ge-value < le-value <= 32 The router uses the ICMPv6 redirect message ( ICMP TYPE 137 ) to inform the nodes on the link that there is a better router for forwarding packets on the link. The node that receives this ICMPv6 redirect message can modify its local routing table based on the new router address in the redirect message. Basically up from the mechanism with IPv4 in ICMP redirect no different. Address Conduct a three-layer forwarding decision. The CEF table maintains core information extracted from the routing table, which is used to perform forwarding decisions on received messages, including IP prefixes, recursive next hop addresses, and outbound interfaces. An important feature of the CEF table is its ability to make immediate decisions about recursive prefixes. OSPF LSPID Redistribute bgp 234 !! ISP1 , ISP2 and GW all need to open CDP Image Authentication Solution: Avoid the problem of sub-optimal routing by re-publishing static summary routes Interface FastEthernet1/0 Mpls labels in/out nolabel/ 403 Set ip next-hop 11.1.1.2 exit Interface FastEthernet1/0 ipv6 ospf 1 area 0 Image For different routing protocols, the corresponding AD values ​​are shown in the table below. This is a well-known convention: R5 release B segment RIP routing, R2 and R3 can learn, at the moment we are in R2 and R3 are on to OSPF to inject RIP routing, assuming that R2 injected first, then the B route will be R1 update to R3 , R3 this When you learn B routing from both RIP and OSPF , then it will: Image Test description: ping FF04::1 on R2 and Fa1/0 on the outbound interface Authentication Header the Authentication Header (Protocol 51 ) 25 Tiao 1/8 When the network is normal, the data is forced to go ISP1 , ping 100 remote network data to ISP1 20 . 1 : RIP-1 ; Test phenomenon: can ping through Dynamic routing protocol port number or protocol number Router ospf 100 Multicast Complete the configuration of the IGP protocol in the Core area. Netsh interface ipv6 show address In stale transmitting a packet through the state, and 5s no reachability confirmation within every 1s retransmission request active neighbor reachability confirmation request until it receives an acknowledgment Match tag matches based on the tag of the route Then do a simple test: For example, R1 redistributed into direct on the OSPF , with out distribution list can be filtered out direction 1.1.1.0 this external routes. But R1 redistributed incoming routing, if R2 with the out distribution lists direction tried to block R3 accepted routes or LSA , you can not, because this is not a local external routes originating. Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best Extended Community: RT: 234: 4 Image Use the match command to match a specific packet or route, and set to modify the packet or route related attributes. Ipv6 access-list v4map permit 2001:1::/64 2001:2::/96 (2033::3, FF04::1), 00:00:16/00:03:13, flags: SFT Ip route 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.13.1 The identifier of the authentication item indicates that the entire routing packet needs to be verified. R2(config-router)# distribute-list 1 out fa 1/0 This flag is also related to stateful autoconfiguration. When it is not set (by default), nodes should not use stateful autoconfiguration mechanisms to configure parameters other than IPv6 addresses. Set ip next-hop verify-availability Offset list STALE Test phenomenon: can ping through Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history,ccna dumps india, * valid, > best, i - internal, r RIB-failure, S Stale Image [Experiment 5 ] There are subnet routes, the subnet route prefix length is different (but both match), and the longest match Image Configuring a sample RIP environment OR2 , SW1 , and SW2 run OSPF , and OR2 acts as the egress router of the telecommunications, injecting a default route into the OSPF domain. OR1 will be local Set tag 20 Match ip address 2 set metric 3 Experimental test Interface Authentication Type Ipv6 unicast-routing Interface vlan 20 R4.00-00 Exit-address-family Fa0/0 Netsh interface ipv6 reset Detect the reachability of the next hop, the default is off Experimental needs Ipv6 address 2001:23::3/64 interface Serial0/1 The tunnel is automatically enabled between isolated hosts on the IPv4 network to implement IPv6 data transmission in the tunnel. Source and destination IPv6 addresses are lower 32 <0-4294967295> 32-bit tag value Image Via FE80::FFFF:FE10:5, Serial0/0 OI 2001:23::/64 [110/128] Image 10.1.31.0/24 This subnet has been successfully updated " 10.1.31.0 " because it is the same as the main source of the R1 update source interface . Incoming interface: Loopback0 External route tag. Ip name-server 2012::2 ip domain-lookup None Use the DHCP PD feature. On R2 , this test is valid locally as a PD identifier. Set the outgoing interface of the data Switchport access vlan 20 interface vlan 10 The global unicast address prefixes that have been allocated are all starting with 001. ( 2000 :: to 3FFF:FFFF:....FFFF ) The following is the allocation of this interval address: When OSPF to IBGP when routes are heavy, because the OSPF of AD than IBGP of AD should be small, so there is no problem of sub-optimal routing path or loop: As a result, on R2 , the OSPF route 1.1.1.0 in the routing table and the 192.168.12.0 directly connected network segment that is declared into the OSPF process are all announced to RIP , and R1 can learn the two routes through RIP. , as shown in the red bold part below. Modify the TAG of the summary LSA of the ASBR notification Fast forwarding Image Automatic tunneling: The tunneling mechanism of ISATAP is also automatic. The tunnel is created between the host and the ISATAP router. The host prefers to know the IPv4 address of the ISATAP router . Ipv6 unicast-routing Access-list 1 permit 202.101.100.0 0.0.0.255 Ipv6 rip RIPprocess default-information originate Case: Double Exit NAT Metric Ip address 132.214.1.10 255.255.255.0 Both 0 7 15 31 Ipv6 unicast-routing The configuration of R1 is as follows: Isis circuit-type level-1 interface Serial0/1 Passing the value of Tag Protocol ID: 0x0800 Incoming interface: Loopback0 !! Note that to support IPv6 unicast routing protocols, this switch must be turned on. ! Isis circuit-type level-2-only address. In this way, B can actively access A , for example, B to ping 202.101.100.100 , can ping , the process is as follows: Ipv6 unicast-routing Flags if not managed bit = 1 indicates that the host is automatically configured with stateful address (eg DHCPv6 ); not Image Image Existing CISCO IOS of IS-IS supports IPv6 , the relevant RFC : 1195 The ISATAP router thus traverses the entire IPv4 network. Provides information about the existence and lifetime of the default router IPv6 address. In IPv6 , the default router address used by the node is the linklocal address of the router , so that even if the prefix is readdressed , the default gateway is reachable ( linklocal) [Test 4 ] The GW configuration is as follows: Protocol ID: 0x0800 R4.00-00 Focus on the configuration of GW : LSPID The next hop address is 128bits 2 : RIP-2 ; Interface Serial0/0 Ipv6 route 2002::/16 tunnel1 !! When accessing the remote 6to4 network locally , take the tunnel Duplicate address detection ( DAD ) RIP and OSPF re-release Interface FastEthernet0/0 ipv6 enable Ip cef Tunnel mode ipv6ip 6to4 interface fast1/0 The OSPFv3 header removes the authentication related fields in v2 . This is because the ipv6 header already has a good authentication function. The PMTU will become 1300 bytes. The configuration of the PC is very simple, using stateless autoconfiguration to get the address, such as PC1 (simulated by router): A tool used to control routing updates can only filter routing information and cannot filter LSAs . The range of prefixes to match, ranging from length to le-value Passive-interface configuration Header format Wherein R2 is as follows: Nolabel/404 Image Neighbor 2001:45::5 activate network 2001:5555::5/128 The router interface is configured with new and old prefixes, and both are advertised. The old prefix has a shorter lifetime, so that the nodes in the station can use two addresses at the same time. When the old prefix fails, only the new prefix is ​​used. Switching is possible. X First, in order to avoid the suboptimal path problem, we use the distribution list in the in direction on R2 and R3 to filter out 1.1.1.0 . R1 after, R2 saw that is 2002 to ipv6 address, then it is directly read 2002 the latter 32 bits to convert it into ipv4 address and a 6to4 of Tunnel Where do you want . 16 bits ! The IPv6 host on the left wants to communicate with the IPv6 host on the right to issue the original IPv6 packet. Defaut-network takes precedence and becomes the default gateway gateway of last resort . However, if the network specified by ip defaut-network is learned from a dynamic routing protocol, ip route 0/0 takes precedence. Gateway (default route) 0001 xxxx xxxx xxxx Route-map first acquaintance Image A small experiment about DR understanding Image R2#show ipv6 interface f1/0 FastEthernet1/0 is up, line protocol is up The router bit indicates whether it is a router or not. If it is 0 , the announcer cannot route data. The way through the announcer A quick look at: R3 , R4 running the OSPF , the R3 on each can learn from the R1 and R2 of looback Prefix readdressing X Ipv6 ospf 1 area 2 Tag Complete the configuration of CE1 and CE2 . After R3 receives this ICMPv6 redirect message, subsequent packets will be sent directly to R2 , so there is no need to bypass R1 . Ipv6 rip RIPprocess default-information originate Ipv route 2222::/64 fastEthernet 0/0 FE80::CE00:1AFF:FEE4:0 !! ipv6 routing, all traffic to the IPv6 network is thrown into the tunnel UP Image Optimum and Distributed Switching The same prefix is ​​obtained through different protocols, first than AD , and later than metric In CEF , there are two main types of load balancing, based on messages and based on purpose. PE1#sh ipv cef 2001:5555::5 Ip cef Router redirection Ip default-network 172.16.3.0 becomes: ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 172.16.3.0 The V4 address pool allows a V6 user to take an address from the pool as a source address after traversing the NAT-PT device. But how do V6 users access the V4 network? Can't let V6 only host ping 202.101.100.2 ? Therefore, you have to add commands to the configuration: The protocol number in the IPv6 header is still 89 ; Experiment 2 Image Garbage colletion/flush timer Segment header Fragment Header (Protocol 44 ) R2#show adjacency detail 2 : RIP-2 ; Router(config-router)# address-family ipv6 [unicast] When the router is adjacent to the host, they learn in some way. Fast Switching Tunnel mode ipv6ip tunnel source serial 0/0 Router isis Route-map test permit 10 match interface Serial0/0 router ospf 1 Image Group-ID This field can be 112 bits long to identify multicast groups, and 112 bits can generate up to 2112 group IDs . NLRI : is a set of destinations, expressed as an IPv6 prefix. Isis circuit-type level-1 Access-list 1 permit 1.1.1.0 The key configuration of R3 : Se0/1 Version 001x xxxx xxxx xxxx // This prefix cannot be used for stateless autoconfiguration when this parameter is turned on after a specific prefix. For R2 , it is now in its own process 1 , while learning the route of this OE2 from R1 and R3 , how will it choose? Review PE1#show bgp vpnv6 unicast all 2001:5555::5/128 Solution: Use distribution lists to circumvent suboptimal path problems Process exchange Image X PC configuration Ipv6 ospf 100 area 2 This idea has been applied to dynamic routing protocols such as OSPF . Careful children's shoes will find that after you deploy route summarization in OSPF , it will automatically generate a summary route pointing to null0 locally . The reason is explained above. the same. ! Ipv6 router ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5 0200 – 03FF After these packets arrive at R1 , the R1 router supports IPv4 and IPv6, which is a dual-stack router. R1 and R2 establish a tunnel to connect two IPv6 islands that are respectively hanged at R1 and R2 . The original IPv6 packet sent by the PC is added with an IPv4 tunnel header by R1 , forming a message that looks like an IPv4 packet. Thereafter, this message is routed in the IPv4 network and eventually reaches R2 . After receiving the "tunnel packet", R2 removes the IPv4 header of the packet and then restores the original IPv6 packet to the IPv6 network.