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All Layer 1 routers must have a unique system ID in the zone Network Services Access Points Ip vrf forwarding VPN-A 104 Fa0/0 Tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 10 dynamic OSPF supports the following network types: P2P , broadcast, NBMA , point-to-multipoint, and on-demand circuits 0x0000000D 204 Forwarding tagged messages *Aug 18 09:06:02.699: version=0, length in words=7 Ip unnumbered loopback 0 (support) does not announce the direct connection between R1-R5 and R4-R6 into OSPF Length The interface IP of R3 is 10.1.23.3 . R1 has already completed the collection of its own TEDB information, and the calculation process of the tunnel path is completed on R1 . 404 204 Pop Label 5.5.5.5/32 0 Tu0 point2point MAC/Encaps=14/18, MRU=1500, Label Stack{304}, via Et0/1 0E00003017000E00003016108847 00130000 Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth Implicit empty label - Mpls ip Router-id 1.1.1.1 Note: LDP or TDP only generates labels for routing entries of the IGP protocol, and does not generate labels for BGP routing entries. Et0/1 0 kbits/sec *Aug 18 09:06:02.699: Session Name: R1_t0 The configuration of R6 is as follows: 558 Regional separation Now, we have to build a TE tunnel from R1 to R6 with a bandwidth requirement of 30M . Note that the available bandwidth in the network at the moment is due to the above. 1.3 OSI protocol stack terminology Just throw the next hop of the traffic that meets the conditions to the tunnel interface. 2.2.2.2/32, Flags: 0x21 (Local Prot Avail/to NHOP, Node-id) 0 kbits/sec 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets Router(config-if)# ip rsvp bandwidth ? The HELLO packet is sent to the multicast address 224.0.0.2 , and the source address is the interface IP. The TTL is placed in the label header. Turning off TTL propagation prevents the MPLS network from being exposed (by traceroute ). LSPID R3.02-00 10.1.12.2 Metric: 10 Outgoing interface Interface fas0/0 1.0.0.1 204 0 kbits/sec Mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls label range 400 499 6 Reservable Bandwidth[0]: MTU implicit check *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: Flags: 0x0 Network 10.1.45.4 0.0.0.0 area 1 Static hostname mapping ! ! There have also been changes here. 203 The configuration of R1 is as follows: Interface loopback1 !! Path error message sent by R2 to R1 Detailed concept Basic experiment ( NodeProtection ) 8 *Aug 18 11:31:44.598: Or, I let the LDP adjacency between R1-R4 be established, then the OSPF between R1-R4 will naturally come up. Well, we now let the LDP adjacency between R1-R4 , and then the OSPF adjacency will be automatically established. [1]: 75000 kbits/sec 1/0/0 On the R3 , as shown in the figure, the R3 local routing table does not need a default route, and an IS-IS default route can be generated and passed to 101 Tunnel mpls traffic-eng autoroute metric absolute resolution if the configuration of R2 is changed to: Mpls traffic-eng router-id Loopback0 mpls traffic-eng area 0 End System terminal system Fa0/0 Safety and certification The following is the message format of the IIH in the LAN : ! IS Hops: 0 Prefix R1#sh mpls ldp bindings We can still see the label bundles passed by R3 before in the LIB table of R1 : SPF calculation Record Route: 10.1.12.2 If the L1 / L2 router redistributed external routes to Level-1 , the Level1 area in you can learn the route, but R2 does not route injection Level2 area is Backbone of CSPF algorithm working mechanism Interface Tunnel0 Intermediate System Intermediate System 3.3.3.3 Interface loopback0 Interface eth 0/1 Neighbor discovery is performed by means of the Hello packet of UDP . The source and destination port of this Hello packet are both UDP646 . Can be modified as the basis for calculating the shortest path of the TE tunnel Mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls label range 400 499 R3#sh mpls forwarding-table i L1 *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: 10.1.12.1 (Strict IPv4 Prefix, 8 bytes, /32) Options: (No TOS-capability, DC) LS Type: Router Links 5 Tunnel mpls traffic-eng bandwidth 2000 Set priority The allocated bandwidth is periodically adjusted to be the largest sample for the tunnel since the last adjustment 100 This state has three values: down , init , up Up time: 00:00:33 R1#traceroute 4.4.4.4 *Mar 1 00:00:32.763: ISIS-Upd: Important fields changed Flag position O 2.2.2.2 [110/2] via 10.1.12.2, 00:00:37, FastEthernet0/0 Configuration example A value of 0 indicates that the maximum number of three area addresses is supported . By default, the value is 0 ,ccna exam sites, and the actual value is in the range of 1-254 . Metric: 10 ! Interface eth 0/1 ... ... ... ... After calculating the path, you need to reserve resources and distribute labels through RSVP . The RSVP path message is transmitted one hop along the calculated PATH and requests resources and labels. Then R7 will give the response and bring the label back. This tag distribution and resource reservation actions are also performed one by one. In this way, an LSP is finally established. The introduced IP route changes. *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: IS Hops:1 OSPF and ISIS also have mechanisms for periodic flooding That is the CEF table Mpls ldp session protection for 1 duration 30 Mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls label range 500 599 Current LSP: Of course, the above method is not safe. Therefore, in special cases, we may want the L1\L2 router to conditionally set the ATT bit and set it more controllable. Then we can associate the route-map and match a specific one in the route-map . Routing, as long as this route is in my routing table, route-map is satisfied, I will set ATT . ! A very important problem in MPLS networks is the synchronization of LDP and IGP . The so-called synchronization means that both IGP and LDP recognize that a link is the outbound link of the message to be forwarded . For example, in the above figure, all four routers run OSPF and activate LDP . Then on R1 , if it goes to the route 3.3.3.3/32 , the next hop in the routing table is R2 (assuming we adjust the cost ), and at the same time we receive the bundle of 3.3.3.3/32 prefix sent by R2 . The label 401 , then IGP and LDP are synchronized at this time, and R1 can normally use R2 as the next hop to forward MPLS label messages.