cisco certification questions and answers

cisco certification questions and answers

*Aug 18 04:37:06.243: Hop Addr: 10.1.12.2 LIH: 0x02000403 First of all, all routers run routing protocols, and the entire network is interoperable. Next,cisco certification questions and answers, LDP is activated on the interface of the router, and an LDP adjacency relationship is formed between the two routers . DN Mpls traffic-eng router-id loopback0 mpls traffic-eng area 1 Ip cef Reservable Bandwidth[3]: Mpls traffic-eng router-id loopback 0 mpls traffic-eng level-1 !! The maximum reservable bandwidth is 75M RSVP message type *Aug 18 04:37:06.243: service id = 5, service length = 6 Shared-Explicit (SE) FLOWSPEC Mainly used to replace type 2 TLVs to provide larger metrics. In addition, it also supports IS-IS based MPLS TE R2 (config)#router isis Ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255 Set-overload-bit suppress external * 0x0000000C A route 10.1.1.0/24 on E was advertised, and now it is summarized on C. The summary route is 10.1.0.0/16 and is advertised to B. Since everyone learned 4.4.4.4/32 through OSPF , all LSRs will generate a label locally for 4.4.4.4/32 , and then bind this label to the prefix and pass it to other LDP neighbors, as shown in the figure. Network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 The routing protocol in the IP network forwards the data packet according to the minimum metric principle. 10.1.34.4 Similar to the concept of DR in OSPF Initial database synchronization is performed before the adjacency is formed The L1 and L2 IIH PDUs on the LAN are sent to different multicast MAC addresses: L1 is 0180-C200-0014 and L2 is 0180-C200-0015 The agreement was released as RFC1195 . Average rate=250000 bytes/sec, burst depth=1000 bytes There are actually some hidden dangers here. For example, using traceroute may expose the internal structure of the network ( after TTL=0 , the router will return an error message, which may expose network information). Or Tunnel Id Set-overload-bit 366 Interface Tunnel0 Next hop 10.1.12.2, FastEthernet0/0 valid cached adjacency Bytes Label Mpls traffic-eng router-id loopback0 mpls traffic-eng area 0 ! ! *Aug 18 11:31:44.598: 0x00000017 ! The routing table for R1 is as follows: We have to change the topology: R1#deb ip rsvp dump-messages Link[0 ]:Nbr IGP Id: 10.1.12.2, nbr_node_id:8, gen:51 frag_id 0, Intf Address:10.1.12.1 The above commands can also be configured in the tunnel port. RFC 3847 Note: a FEC can contain multiple streams, but not a stream of a FEC , such as looking at a host Sina website, which is a stream and looking at Sina's video, which in turn is a stream, the two streams When Sina sends to a remote host, the path should be the same, so one FEC has multiple streams, but each stream does not belong to a separate FEC. Ip cef MC *Aug 18 09:06:02.699: average rate=250000 bytes/sec, burst depth=1000 bytes Router ospf 1 * 0x00000013 Prefix Fa0/0 MPLS LDP-IGP synchronization configuration Experimental verification Bw[5]: IS-type Based on the information in the link state database, the almost identical algorithm, the SPF algorithm, is used to calculate the optimal route. Interface Tunnel0 Interface eth 0/0 Calculated. In the figure above, the red path is calculated by CSPF . IS-IS packets carry all easily expandable information using TLV fields When the router receives the IIH , it will perform a series of verification actions, such as whether the length of the SystemID matches, max area address Local Outgoing Prefix Bytes Label Outgoing Next Hop Label Label or Tunnel Id Switched interface Router(config-if)#tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 10 explicit name ccietea ! ! Associated to path-option *Aug 18 09:06:02.699: Setup Prio: 7, Holding Prio: 7 It is. At this moment: Mpls ip The configuration of R3 is as follows: *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: min unit=0 bytes, max pkt size=2147483647 bytes Switched Modify target ldp session related parameters CLNP is similar to the IP protocol except that it serves the ISO transport layer. IS-IS , ES-IS , and CLNP are network layer protocols that are encapsulated directly in the data link layer frame. Compared with the OSPF packet in TCP/IP , it is hidden behind the IP header. The encapsulation efficiency of the former protocol packet is higher. MPLS TE considers configuring (static) bandwidth on the link Use the clns host command in global configuration mode to establish a mapping of hostnames to NSAP addresses. In this way, in the link state database, LSP 0xA538 Next, the data is sent to R3 . After R3 checks its own LFIB table, it replaces the 303 tag with 203 and then throws it to the next hop R2 . After receiving the label package, R2 looks at its own LFIB table and finds that the outgoing action is a PoP . Then the label is ejected and becomes the original IP packet, and then it is thrown to R1 . Finally, R1 forwards the IP packet to R5 . So why is R2 here PoP here ? The answer is that this BGP routing, we talked about earlier, in fact, it is using a next hop 10.1.15.0 label, 10.1.15.0 is R1 directly connected network segment, so the R1 when the label assigned to the route , gave it aPoP , then distribute this result to R2 , which is why.