ccna exams paper

ccna exams paper

LDP session protection Interface eth0/0 Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth *Aug 18 04:37:06.243: Hop Addr: 10.1.12.2 LIH: 0x02000403 Tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 10 dynamic RFC 3277 This behavior will continue until the RESV message arrives at the head end router of the TE tunnel LSP . That is, after the request is made by the head end router, the label is advertised hop by hop from the tail router to the head end router. This shows that the TE tunnel uses the downstream passive DOD label distribution. In the LAN , SNPA refers to the MAC address. *Aug 18 11:26:02.546: We see that R1 has learned to 2.2.2.0 , 3.3.3.3.0 and 10.1.24.0 , 10.1.34.0 . Reserved label IGP Neighbor: ID 10.1.23.2 Reservable Bandwidth[0]: OutLabel : Ethernet0/0, 201 RSVP Signalling Info: Interface fast0/0 Record Route: NONE LOOP Detection Mpls ip Src 1.1.1.1, Dst 4.4.4.4, Tun_Id 0, Tun_Instance 2 RSVP Path Info: 3 Therefore, the MPLS VPN environment, if we MPLS VPN Backbone inherent R1 to R5 establish a TE the Tunnel , is not The configuration of R1 is as follows (the tunnel is not configured temporarily ): Type 2 length 36: If there is a loop (usually a problem with the IGP , such as a misconfiguration of the static route), the TTL in the tag header will prevent the tag packet from being forwarded indefinitely. Ip address 10.1.123.1 255.255.255.0 199 , R2 is 200 299 , and so on. When forwarding, if the destination address is present in the area within, the direct use of L1 LSDB routes generated forward packets, if the destination address is not in the region, the use of this area nearest L1 / L2router as an outlet outside the area network, whereby May cause sub-optimal routing [4]: Will affect the VPN traffic. Signalling: connected *Aug 18 04:37:06.239: Path Latency (microseconds):0 75000 Local tag Do not advertise routes leaked from other levels 2 Fa1/0 0x00000037 The interface of each router activates RSVP and MPLS TE tunnel support. LSP Holdtime The IS-IS adjacency on the LAN is still different from the P2P link: Ip address 10.1.34.4 255.255.255.0 And the link TLV is described for carrying a series of MPLS TE sub-unit of the link TLV , regarding the sub- TLV is described as follows: Finally choose the red path above because the TE metric of this path is smaller R1#sh mpls traffic-eng topology 1.1.1.1 (1.1.1.1 is a local router ) Network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 Interface fas0/0 Ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 3.3.3.3 Router(config-if)#mpls traffic-eng flooding thresholds up/down ? Neighbor discovery is performed by means of the Hello packet of UDP . The source and destination port of this Hello packet are both UDP646 . O 10.1.23.0 [110/2] via 10.1.12.2, 00:00:37, FastEthernet0/0 Router(cfg-ip-expl-path)#next-address 10.1.25.5 Router(cfg-ip-expl-path)# Mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls label range 200 299 Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth Lan interface MAC address 10.1.34.4 Type 7 length 12: 10.1.12.2 Session hold time: 180 sec; keep alive interval: 60 sec Discovery hello: holdtime: 15 sec; interval: 5 sec Discovery targeted hello: holdtime: 90 sec; interval: 10 sec Ip unnumbered Loopback0 tunnel destination 5.5.5.5 *Aug 18 09:06:02.699: Setup Prio: 7, Holding Prio: 7 Is a group or flow of packets that are forwarded along the same path and are treated the same with regard to the forwarding treatment. The unit is Bytes , multiplied by 8 is 100Mbps You can use router(config)# ip rsvp signalling rate-limit to limit the rate at which signaling messages are sent or use router(config-if)# hold-queue x in to limit the rate of reception. ! RSVP Path Info: 0/0/0 RouterID , or the IP address of the interface . 0 kbits/sec Interface fast 0/0 Ip address 10.1.12.2 255.255.255.0 202 The TLV section contains fields for system characteristics, as shown below: FastEthernet0/0 (ldp): xmit/recv Enabled: Interface config 10.1.23.0/24 If the sysID length is inconsistent, the IIH is ignored . SystemID Length : Identifies the length of the system ID . A value of 0 indicates a length of 6B , a value of 255 indicates a length of 0 , and other system ID fields may have a length of 1-8 bytes. Mpls ip ! i ia 10.1.24.0 [115/148] via 10.1.123.2, FastEthernet0/0 i ia 10.1.45.0 [115/158] via 10.1.123.2, FastEthernet0/0 i ia 10.1.34.0 [115/158] via 10.1.123.2 , FastEthernet0/0 C 10.1.123.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 i*L1 0.0.0.0/0 [115/10] via 10.1.123.3, FastEthernet0/0 SNPA ( Subnetwork point of attachment ) Tunnel mpls traffic-eng autoroute metric absolute 32 202 Access-list 1 permit 3.3.3.3 4.4.4.4/32 55000 Next, add a PVC between R2 and R3 : Outgoing tag or VC Label space:Per-Platform 5.5.5.5/32 Router isis Are public agreements (compared to CISCO's private EIGRP ) Physical Bandwidth: Physical bandwidth of the 100000 kbits/sec !! interface *Aug 18 11:26:02.546: lab environment Maximum interface available bandwidth: Contains the tunnel's prioritization, hold priority, and some flags Route summary divides the original segment of LSP into two segments 687 558 The link type indicates whether the link is a point-to-point or multiple access link. 5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets Each metric type is 8bits and has the following form: *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: Error Code: 24 (Routing Problem) The interface is assigned a new metric value; Tib entry: 4.4.4.4/32, rev 14 !! Let R1 become DIS Fspec: ave rate=20000 kbits,ccna exams paper, burst=1000 bytes, peak rate=20000 kbits History: C . There is a small detail, noted that the distribution of the label no concept of split horizon, that although B may be from C to learn the route to X , but B still will be prefixed with X passed to the bundled label C . C will also put the label passed from B in the LIB , but don't worry about loops, because LDP can prevent loops by means of IGP routing protocol. Path Protection If the sysID length is inconsistent, the IIH is ignored . ! R2 (config-router)#authentication key-chain test level-2 R2 (config-router)#authentication mode md5 level-2 LIB tag information base Integrated IS-IS is a routing protocol that can handle multiple network layer protocols (such as IP and CLNP ) simultaneously . In contrast, OSPF only supports one network layer protocol of IP , that is, OSPF only supports IP routing. The integrated IS-IS can support pure CLNP network or pure IP network, or support both CLNP and IP network environments and provide routing functions. After years of development, the integrated IS-IS protocol has become a scalable, powerful and easy-to-use IGP routing protocol, and has been used in carrier networks for more applications and deployments. IP routing.