ccna exam material free download

ccna exam material free download

1800s , and is a fixed value Ip address 10.1.45.4 255.255.255.0 0x00000026 Router(config-if)#tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option x {dynamic | explicit {name path-name | Peer LDP Ident: 2.2.2.2:0; Local LDP Ident 1.1.1.1:0 Each transport layer entity is assigned an NSAP address. The NSAP address is the network layer address of the CLNS packet . It is used to identify the device. It consists of an initial domain part ( IDP ) and a domain-defined part ( DSP ). These two parts are detailed below, let us understand this. R1#show mpls traffic-eng tunnels Ip cef Next Hop DR *Aug 18 04:37:06.243: version:1 flags:0000 cksum:FFAA ttl:255 reserved:0 length:92 The configuration of R4 is as follows: Peer LDP Ident: 2.2.2.2:0; Local LDP Ident 1.1.1.1:0 Ip router isis 129 RRO Explicit_route Moreover, it is not necessary to maintain the matching time of both parties when establishing the adjacency relationship. It has been verified by experiments. Tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 10 dynamic Connection TCP: 2.2.2.2.31044 - 1.1.1.1.646 , indicates that the LDP connection is built on TCP 's 1.1.1.1 source port 646 , to the destination 2.2.2.2 of 31044 ports. Because the 2.2.2.2 address is large, it is the initiator. L2 Router(config)# mpls ldp neighbor [vrf vpn-name] ip-addr targeted [ldp | tdp] Set-overload-bit suppress interlevel Error Value: 0x3 (Tunnel locally repaired) Interface fast 0/0 1.0.0.2 IS-IS requires the same length of the SystemID in the entire domain . If you receive the IIH , the " System ID Length " field is local to Interface eth 0/1 Next Hop Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth The LSP mainly contains the following information. Message type Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth ! The Internet segment of the device is shown in the figure, for example, 10.1.23.0/24 , which is the R2-R3 interconnection address segment, then the interface IP of R2 is 10.1.23.2 . R1#show mpls forwarding-table Complete basic IP configuration (configuration omitted) Interface eth 0/2 0x80000001 0x0090AA 0 Router(config)#Ip cef All interconnected IPs are shown The port in TCP/IP . Network 10.1.45.4 0.0.0.0 area 0 *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: min unit=0 bytes, max pkt size=2147483647 bytes Net 49.0001.0000.0000.0002.00 TOS 0 Metrics: 10 75000 OSI PDU 10.1.23.3 [MPLS: Label 300 Exp 0] 108 msec 116 msec 64 msec Run the interface configuration command: isis metric value level-1 | level-2 to configure the metric on the same interface. Tunnel destination 4.4.4.4 tunnel mode mpls traffic-eng Static Routing Static Route *Aug 18 04:37:06.239: version:1 flags:0000 cksum:DEB3 ttl:255 reserved:0 length:132 Recommendations for Interoperable IP Networks using IS-IS The configuration of R3 is as follows: About Explicit Path Local binding: tag: 100 LS age: 43 The configuration of R2 is as follows: 129 101 Tunnel mpls traffic-eng forwarding-adjacency The configuration of R4 is as follows: TTL EBGP adjacency is also established on the physical interface. 10.1.12.2 After the above configuration, we will find, R1 can learn to R2 , R3 route, but R2 , R3 between can not learn the route to the peer. Device Internet segment 10.1.xy.0 / 24 , where xy is the device number, X small y large Mpls ldp router-id loopback0 LSPDB Interface eth0 0/0 Network 10.1.23.3 0.0.0.0 area 0 0xCC Here is a point to note, we look at the E router, in fact, it will receive the label binding of its own LDP neighbor B and C , which has a label about the route X bundle, then E is stored in its own LFIB table. Which neighbor's remote label is it? The answer is C , because C is the next hop of the E router to X , and E will use the routing table to determine who's label bundle is "better". Ensure reliable diffusion of LSPs on point-to-point links R1 Pop tag Ip explicit-path name R2R3R4 enable next-address 10.1.12.2 Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth Flags: 0x0 10.1.23.0/24 Time since path change: 10 minutes, 34 seconds Number of LSP IDs (Tun_Instances) used: 521 No bgp default ipv4-unicast neighbor 5.5.5.5 remote-as 2345 Net 49.0001.0000.0000.0001.00 A copy of the LSP to initiate a cleanup process. This method effectively ensures that other routers in the network clear the corrupted LSP . The corrupted LSP does not participate in the route calculation, and of course it will not be flooded in the network. ! This can be area at any level within the router adjacency relationship; may be other area adjacent L2 or L1 / L2 router forming L2 UP Message format Reservable Bandwidth[1]: *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: Token bucket fragment (service_id=1, length=6 words Mpls label rangempls label range 200 299 20. LSPID R3.02-00 However, there may be such a problem that the LDP connection between R1 and R2 is broken for some reason, but between R1 and R2 . LSP tunnel is one-way ! By default, the OSPF hold time ( dead-interval ) is Mpls traffic-eng router-id loopback0 mpls traffic-eng area 0 Primary lsp path: 10.1.12.1 10.1.12.2 0/0/0 Remote binding: tsr: 2.2.2.2:0, tag: 201 *Aug 18 11:26:02.546: Configuration command LOOP Detection Router(config)# mpls ldp neighbor xxxx labels accept acl Based IP traffic engineering is connectionless, not an explicit path ( Explicit routing ) Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth Priority 1 : 9375000 10.1.23.3 O 3.3.3.3 [110/3] via 10.1.12.2 , 00:00:37, FastEthernet0/0 Filter the inbound label bundles advertised by LDP neighbors. Set-overload-bit on-startup wait-for-bgp Number of Links : 1 Configuration command R1#traceroute 6.6.6.6 Of course, not the remote tag in LIB will be used. We also need to combine the FIB table to get the next hop information about the prefix. Finally form the LFIB table: 5 The TLVs used are: ! By default, the IS-IS area is the stub area, which is the latest release. 4 PUSH is also similarly understood, only for top-level label operations, first the inbound top-level label TTL249 is first decremented by 1 , then the newly pushed label header TTL Min unit=0 bytes, max pkt size=2147483647 bytes description Type 9 flooding range only on this link 0 kbits/sec Interface eth 0/0 LABEL ! Mpls ip interface fa1/0 Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth Flooding Protocol: OSPF Header Information:: SESSION Configured Areas: 1 R2#sh mpls tr link-management advertisements Experimental configuration Mpls traffic-eng router-id loopback0 mpls traffic-eng area 0 ! The configuration of R4 is as follows: Retention mode (the Label Retention) : free mode (Liberal Retention) LFIB label forwarding information base Network 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0 area 0 !! Note area0 and area1 must activate MPLS TE 10.1.12.2 Network 10.1.24.4 0.0.0.0 area 0 The configuration of R3 is as follows: RFC1195 One is a Point-to-Point IS to IS hello PDU . 1.1.1.1:0 131 *Aug 18 04:37:06.243: Tun Dest: 5.5.5.5 Tun ID: 0 Ext Tun ID: 1.1.1.1 Feature overview i ia 5.5.5.0 [115/158] via 10.1.123.2, FastEthernet0/0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets Network 10.1.23.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 mpls traffic-eng router-id loopback0 mpls traffic-eng area 0 The interval at which the DIS sends CSNP packets is 10S by default. In this way, in the route of L2 ,ccna exam material free download, the route matched by the route-map will be injected into the level1 area , then R1 can learn 5.5.5.0 . Type IA , i.e. isis the interarea route, i.e. isis inter-area routes. N-SEL 1- byte selector, English: NSAP-Selector is similar to the port in TCP/IP , identifies the process (or service) on the device, and is 00 in NET . 0x2D6E FastEthernet1 / 0, Src IP addr: 10.1.13.3 Addresses bound to peer LDP Ident: Or Tunnel Id 128 Experimental procedure Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth 75000 NLPID: Router ospf 1 75000 kbits/sec, Router(config-if)# mpls traffic-eng attribute-flags ? Network 10.1.12.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 Outgoing So we get the following information: R1(config)#router isis PDU header Length : The number of bytes in the data header field (the total number of bytes includes the number of bytes of the additional header field) Choose the path with the largest " minimum available bandwidth " Maximum reservable bandwidth : 9375000 Number of Priority : 8 When a packet enters the PE , is it a lookup table ( FIB ) or a checklist ( LFIB )? Address-family ipv4 vrf VPN-A no synchronization In a typical network design, multiple independent Level1 areas are connected through a backbone network, and the backbone network is composed of routers with Level 2 routing functions. The Level1-2 router has two independent link state databases that support Level1 and Level2 routing , respectively . Router(config)# mpls ldp backoff initial-backoff maximum-backoff Router ospf 1 10.1.12.0/24 10.1.34.4 Pop tag Packets package 10.1.12.2 Remote binding: tsr: 2.2.2.2:0, tag: 200 tib entry: 2.2.2.2/32, rev 4 Interface loopback0 5.5.5.5/32 The area address groups configured on the router are listed. Bw[3]: Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth The external route is not carried in the LSP . Note: To use the above command to complete conditional notifications, you need to use no mpls ldp advertise-labels first . Otherwise, the LSR advertises all label bindings. Ip address 10.1.12.2 255.255.255.0 5.5.5.5 Tun ID: 0 Ext Tun ID: 1.1.1.1 ATT/P/OL *Aug 18 09:06:02.699: 5.5.5.5 (Strict IPv4 Prefix, 8 bytes, /32) 75000 RFC1195 5 10.1.56.6 8 msec * 0 msec *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: Layer 3 protocol ID: 2048 R1#show ip route 0/0/0 906 The interface of each router activates RSVP and MPLS TE tunnel support. Attribute Flags: 0x00000000 ! Verify view Router ospf 1 ! Type 2 length 48: Fa0/0 BW (kbps) This state has three values: down , init , up *Mar 1 00:00:32.763: ISIS-Upd: full SPF required value i ia 5.5.5.0 [115/158] via 10.1.123.2, FastEthernet0/0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets TOS 0 Metrics: 1 Router-id 1.1.1.1 AutoRoute: disabled LockDown: disabled Loadshare: 20000 bw-based *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: 10.1.45.4 (Strict IPv4 Prefix, 8 bytes, /32) *Aug 18 11:26:02.546: Ip cef R3.00-00 Meanwhile, in order to avoid loops, R2 in the area level1 when injected these routes will be marked downbit , As a result, R3 receive this LSP , for these routes, it will not flood the backbone inside. MPLS TE configuration and experiment *Aug 18 04:37:06.239: SENDER_TSPEC type 2 length 36: R1#sh mpls ldp discovery Local LDP Identifier: Auto Route : ! Type escape sequence to abort. Tracing the route to 4.4.4.4 The role of Designated IS ( DIS ) Router(config)# mpls ldp session protection for acl-peer duration sencondes Now create a tunnel on R1 : MTU problem Next Hop Setting command All Layer 2 routers must have a unique system ID within the domain The above is the LDP neighbor shown on R1 . There is an LDP neighbor. Its LDP router ID is 2.2.2.2 and label spaceID=0 . This indicates that the platform is based on the label space. *Aug 18 11:26:02.546: Basic Experiment ( LinkProtection ) TE tunnels are distinct from MPLS LSP through which it traverses: TCP connection: 3.3.3.3.41954 - 1.1.1.1.646 Route-target import 2345:5 Assume that this is an internal network of the operator, R4 is the national trunk, R2 and R3 are left to the provincial, and the provincial internal ran IS-IS to carry the routing prefix information in the Core , and as the provincial dry exit R2 , R3 The route prefix or default route of a specific national trunk is issued. We take the default route example here. Both R2 and R3 maintain the EBGP neighbor relationship with R4 . In this case, R2 is required to be upgraded and then restarted. After the restart, IS-IS converges faster than BGP . After the first convergence, R2 to the IS-IS area. Internal flooding LSP , R1 will use R2 as the next hop of some route prefix, or the next hop of the default route. However, at this time , BGP of R2 does not converge, so that R2 is reached.The data may be discarded and black holes appear.