ccna software

ccna software

! Set-overload-bit In this experimental test, we announced the direct-connected segments of R1-R5 and R4-R6 in OSPF . Reserved bandwidth changes (significant changes) Explicit Route: 10.1.12.2 10.1.23.2 10.1.23.3 10.1.34.3 Router ospf 1 Configure path protection on R2 and observe the phenomenon. It periodically changes tunnel bandwidth(BW) reservation based on traffic out tunnel. 75000 LSPID --------------- Metric: 10 A new LSP is triggered immediately and the ATT is not set. As a result, R1 revokes the default route that originally pointed to R2 . Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth [7]: 55000 kbits/sec R1#show mpls forwarding-table It can be seen that ES-IS plays a role in the CLNS network environment as if the ICMP , ARP and DHCP protocols in the IP network work together. Opaque ID: 0 ! When the tail router receives the label request object, it will assign a label to the tunnel LSP and pass the label. Ip rsvp bandwidth Net 49.0001.0000.0000.0002.00 Outgoing Explicit Path a series of IP configuration, an explicit path in the IP can be an interface IP , it may be MPLS TE Router ID . Net 49.0001.0000.0000.0002.00 R3.02 Basic architecture The re-addressing process is similar to zone merging and separation, except that during re-addressing, some or all of the router's zone prefixes need to be cleared, with new ones. Fa0/0 !! Bandwidth requirement is 20M 1B of the sub-TLV length R1.00-00 NSAP The configuration of R2 is as follows (all configurations are omitted from the configuration of interface IP ): The global configuration command metric-style wide allows the cisco router to run the appropriate IOS version to send LSPs carrying the width. Basic concept of FRR 303 DN Or Tunnel Id Ip address 10.1.23.2 255.255.255.0 Going is the tunnel . therefore: Next Hop Tunnel mpls traffic-eng autoroute announce tunnel mpls traffic-eng priority 7 7 2.2.2.2/32 Attribute Flags: 0x00000000 A route 10.1.1.0/24 on E was advertised, and now it is summarized on C. The summary route is 10.1.0.0/16 and is advertised to B. Tspec: ave rate=2000 kbits, burst=1000 bytes, peak rate=2000 kbits RSVP Resv Info: 100 InLabel : - L1 router re-releases external routes into IS-IS Allocated i/f max flow max sub max R5 and R6 each announce their own Loopback route in the BGP process. The CEF entry indicates that to go to 4.4.4.4 , the IP packet needs to be stamped with a value of 203 , and then the packet is dropped to the next hop 10.1.12.2 and thrown out from the Fa0/0 port. Interface eth0/1 0x8973 Next-address 10.1.23.3 Fa0/0 !! Pay close attention to here IS-IS packets carry all easily expandable information using TLV fields Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth Neighbor 10.1.24.4 remote-as 45 no auto-summary Can quickly converge when the network fails Ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 For this to work, adjacent LSRs must agree on which label to use for each IGP prefix., and each intermediate LSR must be able to figure out with which outgoing label the incoming label should be swapped *Aug 18 04:37:06.239: Path MTU: 1500 Type 7 length 16: ! MPLS design and implementation Interface eth 0/0 304 Now, shut down the e0/1 port of R2 . Or Tunnel Id Complete the routing information exchange between the area and the backbone where it is located, and assume both the responsibility of L1 and the responsibility of L2 . R1#sh mpls forwarding-table The router on Lan establishes adjacency with all other routers. In OSPF , the router on the LAN only establishes adjacency with the DR . The configuration of R4 is modified as follows: You can see the main two contents contained in it: one is the directly connected network segment of R1 , here is 10.1.123.0 and 1.1.1.0 , and the other is the direct connection of R1 . 55000 Peer LDP Ident: 2.2.2.2:0; Local LDP Ident 1.1.1.1:0 !! Re-release the local direct loopback 2.2.2.0/24 to level1 RSVP Path Info: OSPF packets are encapsulated in IP packets, so they are transmitted at the network layer. Parameter id=127, flags=0, parameter length=5 Cisco Router 's ISO addressing Basic configuration For TE of OSPF extension Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth LSP tunnel is one-way All routers run IS-IS ! The unit of the OSI protocol stack defining data is the protocol data unit PDU , so the OSI view data frame is the PDU of the data link layer . R2#show mpls traffic-eng fast-reroute database Interface loopback0 Checksum: 0x6FEB Length: 132 BGP route delivery in MPLS environment Mpls traffic-eng router-id Loopback0 mpls traffic-eng area 0 The way to use static routing is of course the easiest, and the best control, but the scalability is too poor, if there are multiple tunnels, then configuration and maintenance is more troublesome. *Aug 18 11:31:44.598: 204 Ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255 1 10.1.46.4 128 msec 152 msec 120 msec InLabel : - *Aug 18 09:06:02.699: Layer 3 protocol ID: 2048 The interface of each router activates RSVP and MPLS TE tunnel support. See that no R1 will adjust the cost of the direct link 10.1.12.0 to 65545 . AutoBandwidth IS-IS link state database 0x2F89 In a CISCO IOS router without IPv6 capability, the general rules for load balancing packetized packets are as follows: ! Mainly used to replace type 2 TLVs to provide larger metrics. In addition, it also supports IS-IS based MPLS TE IS-type Bw[2]: Config Parameters: LDP neighbor discovery Inter-domain routing protocol Each ES belongs to a specific area, when the ES finds the nearest IS by listening to the HELLO ( ISH ) grouping of the intermediate system . The current maximum available bandwidth is listed under the interface according to their respective priorities. Interface eth 0/1 IS , since this is a LAN environment, DIS is elected , and each non- DIS router advertises its own adjacency with the DIS without notifying the adjacency with other physical ISs . The LSP of R3\R3 is similar, and will not be described here. Take a look at the LSP of this pseudonode : AutoRoute: disabled LockDown: disabled Loadshare: 0 bw-based auto-bw: disabled Optional Checksums in IS-IS Opaque ID: 0 R4#sh isis da The configuration of R1 is as follows: Static route Level2 area default route (conditional advertisement) Support for recording each site through which the LSP tunnel passes, which can be used to prevent loops Next-address loose 10.1.34.4 The hostname can be used in the ID instead of the SysID section. This brings great convenience to our network maintenance and troubleshooting. R1#traceroute 6.6.6.6 Bw[1]: 0x80000011 0x00F741 2 Finally, the path of the second TE tunnel is as follows: If the L1 / L2 router redistributed external routes to Level-1 , the Level1 area in you can learn the route, but R2 does not route injection Level2 area is Backbone of The configuration of R4 is as follows: The loopback0 address space of all devices is xxxx/32 , and x is the device number. !! Re-release the local direct loopback 2.2.2.0/24 to level1 Fa0/0 Network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0 Setting command In this way, in the route of L2 , the route matched by the route-map will be injected into the level1 area , then R1 can learn 5.5.5.0 . Type IA , i.e. isis the interarea route, i.e. isis inter-area routes. LAN Priority: 64 Format: Phase V *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: SESSION type 7 length 16: Lists the list of directly connected IP address prefixes The average allocated traffic on the interface. Bytes Label R1#show ip route Recommendations for Interoperable Networks using IS-IS For Level1 router , the area number is required to be the same. TLV Route summary example 1 on the L2 router 10.1.23.3 *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: Total Allocated Auto Route : Type-10 Opaque Link Area Link States (Area 0) If the LSR receives an IP packet, check the FIB table. Assume that the FIB ( CEF table) related entries are output as follows: BW (kbps) Oper: up 0 kbits/sec Ip address 10.1.23.3 255.255.255.0 NSAP TE Metric is equivalent to the concept of weight value, note that this is to be distinguished from IGP metric In the LSP , and if the LSP is divided into different segments, then the TLV word Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth 1.0.0.0 Each IP prefix is ​​assigned a bunch of metrics . R2.00-00 10.1.35.5 -> 1.1.1.1 : FastEthernet1/0 (next hop 10.1.34.4) Net 49. 0001 .0000.0000.0001.00 Policy Routing Policy Route R1#show mpls ldp discovery detail Network 10.1.34.4 0.0.0.0 area 0 Kbps (Global) Priority: 6 6 Affinity: 0x0/0xFFFF Interface fas0/0 Ip cef FastEthernet1/0, Src IP addr: 10.1.13.3 75000 By default, the cost of an IS-IS interface is 10. Only when a neighbor solicitation label mapping message to the local strip prefix , local will announce the label mapping messages to neighbors O bit Network 10.1.34.4 0.0.0.0 area 0 Interface fast 0/0 Bandwidth parameter is the bytes as a unit 128 When we select a DIS , DIS represents the broadcast network, including all ISs connected to the broadcast network. After the configuration is complete, the level 2 LSP sent by R2 will carry the cipher text authentication TLV information (the level 1 LSP is not carried). If this configuration is maintained, we will find that R2 can only learn the R1 release. Routing, this is because level1 LSPs are not authenticated. After completing this experiment, R3 and R4 complete the configuration. Mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls label range 200 299 Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth Level2 , using the interface level command: isis circuit-type level2 , then R2 and R3 will not advertise these direct links when advertising LSPs in area 49.0001 . So the routing table for R1 becomes: *Aug 18 04:37:06.243: Tun Dest: 5.5.5.5 Tun ID: 0 Ext Tun ID: 1.1.1.1 Signalling: connected Types of Configuration command ! Type escape sequence to abort. Tracing the route to 5.5.5.5 This will result in the OL bit of the LSP generated by R2 , and the result seen on R1 is this: 103 Ip cef 4B is an unsigned integer. Starting from 0 , increase by 1 each time . When a router is first connected to the network, the sequence number of the first LSP it generates is 1 . The LSP sequence number generated when the network changes is also incremented by 1 . The LSP sequence number plays a key role in the data synchronization process, mainly in distinguishing between old and new LSPs . Interface eth 0/0 MPLS features When IS-IS is running on an NBMA network, there are some problems. MPLS is a CISCO proprietary protocol, later IETF borrowed, in IETF is called Tag Switching , can be understood as both a different name when enabled,ccna software, the protocol used is not the same Remaing lifetime LSP lifetime before LSP ID LSP identity Sequence num LSP serial number LDP session establishment (Link ID) Designated Router address: 10.1.12.2 (Link Data) Router Interface address: 10.1.12.2 Number of TOS metrics: 0 CSNP (Complete Serial Number PDU ) Consider in detail the details of the adjacency relationship establishment process: R3#show mpls forwarding-table LSP The flooding of LSPs means that when a router reports its own LSPs to neighboring routers , the neighboring routers transmit the same LSPs to its neighboring routers, and then LSPs are transmitted to the entire hierarchy. One way inside. Through this "flooding", each router in the entire hierarchy can have the same LSP information and keep the LSDB synchronized. Each LSP has its own 4- byte serial number. The sequence number of the first LSP sent by the router is 1. When the new LSP needs to be generated , the sequence number of the new LSP is incremented by 1 on the previous LSP sequence number . A higher serial number means an updated LSP .