free ccna study guide

free ccna study guide

Ip cef Distribution mode : Label Distribution Peer LDP Ident: 3.3.3.3:0; Local LDP Ident 1.1.1.1:0 R2-PE1#show ip route Network 10.1.12.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 lab environment !! The maximum reservable bandwidth is 75M Feature overview Types of CSPF ( Constrained Shortest Path First ) SPF algorithm with constraints Bytes tag switched Interface fast1/0 0x4F65 Data plane : Data forwarding based on tags Configured on L1/L2 rouer, which is R2 , a default route is generated and flooded to R3 , but not to R1 . Ip address 10.1.23.2 255.255.255.0 10.1.23.2 Ip address 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255 Network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 Interface is up and sending maximum metric IP internal reachability information Targeted Hello 2.2.2.2 -> 4.4.4.4, active ! Route Distinguisher: 2345:6 Net 49.0001.0000.0000.0002.00 The main function of the ES-IS protocol is to provide mapping of NSAP addresses to SNPA addresses for network devices . *Aug 18 09:06:02.699: Path MTU: 1500 Implicit empty label INIT 22 By default, if the synchronization is not completed, the IGP does not explicitly know the time to wait before establishing the adjacency relationship. Interface eth 0/0 Intermediate system adjacent router R1#show ip ospf database opaque-area self-originate The L1 and L2 IIH PDUs on the LAN are sent to different multicast MAC addresses: L1 is 0180-C200-0014 and L2 is 0180-C200-0015 As I said earlier, the NSAP address has an area adddress part that is longer, so when we get an address, how do I know which part of the address corresponds to what? Cisco IOS software from the right explanation NSAP address (here use NSAP of OSI format). First, counting from the right, the first B is NSEL , the left 6B is SystemID , and the rest is AreaID . !! Only one interface activates MPLS TE RSVP Signalling Info: Load balancing of label packets (Link ID) Designated Router address: 10.1.12.1 (Link Data) Router Interface address: 10.1.12.2 Number of MTID metrics: 0 Used to publish a complete link state database on a router , CSNP is used to inform other routers of their own database may be outdated or lost LSP . Retention mode : Label Retention Local MPLS VPN Architecture CCSP Edition IS 130 No synchronization R1#show ip route 5.5.5.0 Tunnel mpls traffic-eng priority 6 6 Reservable Bandwidth[3]: *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: LSP Tunnel R1_t0 is signalled, connection is up R2.00-00 1B of the sub-TLV length Routers in the network must identify all in order to perform appropriate operations Each LSP has a maximum expiration time ( MaxAge ) in the LSDB . If this time expires, if no new LSP is received. Router alarm tag TLV134 : TE RouterID 4.4.4.0/24 Net 49.0001.0000.0000.0002.00 LSP TLV field of Level 1 route !! activation Tunnel of forwarding-adjacency Remote binding: tsr: 2.2.2.2:0, tag: 200 ! Route Distinguisher: 2345:6 You see that we have IS-IS metrics in many places in the LSP , for example: The PoP : receives downstream air sent by the tag assigned to a specific prefix, the value of this tag is 3 , then the LSR to the downstream LSR transmits the prefix data destined time, he will put up top label ( the POP ) for Forward, note that this time only need to check for this LSR The POP will only pop the top label header. The packet forwarded by this action can be an IP packet or an MPLS label packet. Mpls traffic-eng router-id loopback0 mpls traffic-eng area 0 0xE7D9 Physical_bw: 100000 (kbps), max_reservable_bw_global: 75000 (kbps) IGP System ID: 2.2.2.2 Protect lsp path: 10.1.12.1 10.1.12.2 202 Then apply the ACL on R2 , connect to the interface of R1 , in the direction Reservable Bandwidth[1]: In this way , we can exchange visits between 5.5.5.5 and 6.6.6.6 , on R6 . In the dynamic setup, let the tunnel head end router calculate the path that the TE tunnel can traverse the network to the tail end in an optimal manner. We only need to configure the destination of the tunnel , and then the first-end router uses the CSPF algorithm to calculate the path itself. 2.2.2.2/32, Flags: 0x21 (Local Prot Avail/to NHOP, Node-id) Detailed concept The routing protocol in the IP network forwards the data packet according to the minimum metric principle. For TE of ISIS extension 10.1.45.4 10.1.45.5 Label 14 OAM alarm tag That is the CEF table Router(config-if)# ip rsvp bandwidth ? Show mpls traffic-eng topology ? After the tunnel setup failed Tspec: ave rate=60000 kbits, burst=1000 bytes, peak rate=60000 kbits RSVP Resv Info: Tspec: ave rate=0 kbits, burst=1000 bytes, peak rate=0 kbits RSVP Resv Info: Route leak 10.1.34.0/24 [110/20] via 10.1.23.3, 00:00:01, Ethernet0/1 IS-type Mpls ldp router-id loopback0 Clear text area certification The existence of the established tunnel has changed. The network environment at this moment is as follows: TE tunnel reoptimize *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: version:1 flags:0000 cksum:BFD0 ttl:255 reserved:0 length:132 304 The configuration of R5 is supplemented as follows: Router isis Retention mode : Label Retention Path option 10, type dynamic (Basis for Setup, path weight 30) Reservable Bandwidth[5]: PATHErr is actually sent to the headend router. The main reason for sending the error message is that the link used by the TE LSP fails, or the party LSR receives the PATH message with the forged message. Router ospf 1 HELLO interval, HELLO multiplier and HELLO keep interval OSPF packets are encapsulated in IP packets, so they are transmitted at the network layer. MAC/Encaps=14/18, MRU=1500, Label Stack{204} CA014FEC0008CA004FEC00088847 000CC000 So we have also defined an explicit null tag to handle the scenario described above. 0x0000000C R2.00-00 Domain-wide Prefix Distribution with Two-Level IS-IS Or Tunnel Id Tunnel destination 5.5.5.5 Basic configuration IGP Area[1] ID:: ospf area 0 System Information:: 10.1.56.5 [MPLS: Label 505 Exp 0] 8 msec 0 msec 0 msec 0/0/0 Routers in the network must identify all in order to perform appropriate operations This bandwidth is reserved for the TE tunnel . If the bandwidth value is not added after the command, the default is 75% of the interface bandwidth. Interface fast 1/0 Ip cef 0x80000001 0x0090AA 0 IS-IS packets are encapsulated in data link layer frames. R3#sh mpls forwarding-table We can verify it: Bw[3]: No frame-relay inverse-arp No synchronization *Aug 18 04:37:06.243: version:1 flags:0000 cksum:FFAA ttl:255 reserved:0 length:92 The MPLS TE tunnel itself does not support the IGP routing protocol because: Router , thus maintaining two independent L1 link state databases and L2 link state databases. Then, if there is a router in the backbone that is not connected to the L1 router , it can be configured as an L2 router . 4 Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth Affinity property Affinity Attributes and mask About LDP and IGP synchronization *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: Setup Prio: 7,free ccna study guide, Holding Prio: 7 For TE of ISIS extension Interface eth 0/0 906 Local tag 1.1.1.1:0 Label description Session OSPF and ISIS also have mechanisms for periodic flooding PATHErr is actually sent to the headend router. The main reason for sending the error message is that the link used by the TE LSP fails, or the party LSR receives the PATH message with the forged message. The role of Designated IS ( DIS ) 75000 !! The link to the problem , the metric is set to 65535 Object name Used to uniquely identify an LSP and authentication source router Peer LDP Ident: 2.2.2.2:0; Local LDP Ident 1.1.1.1:0 Name: R1_t0 Status: Bandwidth parameter is the bytes as a unit Let's take a look at the routing table for R1 : i L1 IGP System ID: 2.2.2.2 The interface of each router activates RSVP and MPLS TE tunnel support. Tspec parameter id = 127, flags = 0, length = 5 Interface loopback0 In PHP , we have seen the role of implicit null tags, of course, implicit null tags are not limited to PHP . It can also be used in messages with 2 , 3 or more tags in the tag stack . Using an implicit null label (in the LDP , the value is 3 ) on the outbound LSR will inform the penultimate hop router to remove the top label, and the labeled message passed to the outbound LSR will have one less label. In this case, the outbound LSR does not need to perform the search of two tags. Note that instead of using an implicit null tag, it is not necessary to pop all the tags in the tag stack, but to pop the top tag.