examen ccna

examen ccna

Label space (the Label Space) : based platform (Per-Platform) The loopback0 address space of all devices is xxxx/32 , and x is the device number. 1/0/0 Error metric The static route forwarding mode of the MPLS TE tunnel supports route recursion. The configuration of R1 is as follows: Interface Loopback0 The Address Interface IPv6 : type value 232 ( 0xE8 ), which corresponds to the IPv4 in " the IP Interface the Address" TLV , but the original 32 -bit IPv4 address to the 128 -bit IPv6 address. FRR intf/label In fact, it is for CLNS , and it has been expanded to become an integrated IS-IS , which can support IP routing. The configuration of R3 is as follows: =250000 bytes/sec 129 // Prerequisites for binding a label to a route prefix locally *Aug 18 11:31:44.598: Generating a pseudo-node, node action by the pseudo-elections DIS play Interface eth0 0/0 There are actually some hidden dangers here. For example, using traceroute may expose the internal structure of the network ( after TTL=0 , the router will return an error message, which may expose network information). L1 router Or Tunnel Id As a result, the Level 1 LSP sent by R1 carries the cipher text authentication TLV . However, since R2 does not enable authentication, the LSPs sent by R1 are sent to R2 . R2 ignores the authentication information in the LSP and directly reads the LSP . Therefore, R2 can learn the route advertised by R1 . Of course, there is no R1 routing. 2.2.2.2 Fa0/0 Network 10.1.34.3 0.0.0.0 area 0 If the payload of the MPLS is not an IPv4 packet, load balancing will be performed by looking at the value of the label at the bottom of the bottom. During the establishment of the adjacency relationship, the neighbors send CSNPs to each other (the CSNP is not sent after the adjacency is established ). R1.00-00 *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: Ip cef 0xD3FB *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: IS Hops:0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets 4.4.4.4/32 *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: Outgoing PathTear: 10.1.12.2 Ip address 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255 ATT/P/OL Record Route ( RRO ) LDP certification lab environment MPLS TE information distribution Comment 17 687 Two modes: frame mode ; ATM mode ( cell mode ), we mainly study frame mode Targeted neighbor relationship establishment Network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0 area 0 Interface fas0/0 After the configuration is complete, the level 2 LSP sent by R2 will carry the cipher text authentication TLV information (the level 1 LSP is not carried). If this configuration is maintained, we will find that R2 can only learn the R1 release. Routing, this is because level1 LSPs are not authenticated. After completing this experiment, R3 and R4 complete the configuration. The final R1 on the show isis database It is only possible to establish adjacencies with neighboring routers at the same level. *Aug 18 11:26:02.546: Create a TE tunnel on R1 , the source is its own loopback0 , and the destination is 4.4.4.4 of R4 . This will cause the route of R2 to change. The outgoing interface of the route to 5.5.5.5 and 55.55.55.55 becomes e0/1 . So R2 goes to Interface fast0/0 *Aug 18 04:37:06.239: INIT 22 Modify target ldp session related parameters This state has three values: down , init , up LABEL LSPID IS-IS Hello message ( IIH PDU ) This time, we do some tests, R1 configuration area-password and R2 are not the same configuration. In this way , although the neighbor relationship can be established for R1 and R2 , they cannot learn the route of the other party, because neither party recognizes the LSPs . In a typical network design, multiple independent Level1 areas are connected through a backbone network, and the backbone network is composed of routers with Level 2 routing functions. The Level1-2 router has two independent link state databases that support Level1 and Level2 routing , respectively . Regular area (non-backbone area) R1#show mpls forwarding-table Tunnel destination 4.4.4.4 tunnel mode mpls traffic-eng Route redistribution Another example of causing IGP and LDP to be out of sync is that when the LSR is restarted, the IGP can quickly establish an adjacency,examen ccna, and the LDP session may be set up slowly, that is, the necessary information is loaded in the LFIB . IGP forwarding has already begun before the correct label exchange . The message may then be forwarded incorrectly or dropped somewhere after entering the MPLS network.