ccnp switch chapter 5 exam

ccnp switch chapter 5 exam

/ / Mark the routing table 192.168.1.0 as the default network Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found) * BGP only passes the route that it uses, that is,ccnp switch chapter 5 exam, the route that it considers to be Best to the BGP peer. OSPF Async Async interface In the above example, the phenomenon we mentioned, R4 will know the route from OSPF and RIP to 192.168.1.0/24 , and finally R4 will choose OSPF route. This is a phenomenon we don't want to see in this environment, because it creates a sub-optimal path. The AD values ​​for several common routing protocols are listed below: At the same time network 1.0.0.0 , then 1.0.0.0 will be announced Displays all BGP routes received from the specified neighbor (original route before the local inbound policy is executed) Redistribute ospf 3 subnets route-map OSPF3to2 Tftp: Database agent URL At this time, on R4 , only 1.1.1.0/24 and 192.168.13.0/24 can be learned. Due to the existence of the principle of horizontal splitting, BGP requires that the IBGP be fully interconnected within the AS (here, the neighbor command specifies). (The root cause is in SW1(config-if)# switchport native vlan 1 The switch that first recognizes the topology change sends the TCN , the designated bridge receives the TCN and immediately returns a normal BPDU with the TCA set. Route-map features When the GW connects to the outgoing interface of ISP2 and DOWN (that is, ISP2 hangs), then switch to ip next-hop recursive, which is ISP2. RSTP immediately accepts these suboptimal BPDUs and returns a better BPDU . For example, in this example, we want to inject, the metrics of the two routes 192.168.1.0 and 192.168.2.0 become 2 hops, and 3.0 becomes Inside the AS , the AS-PATH does not change, and the AS_PATH anti-ring cannot be used , so loops are easy to occur. Therefore, BGP automatically summarize ( Auto-the Summary ) Summary Only redistributed redistributed routes, and the use of network command routing incoming class declaration ways. Currently CISCO IOS turns off automatic summarization by default. After 10.1.31.0 is passed to R2 , since R2 takes the mask of the receiving interface and finds that 10.1.31.0 has a position of 1 in the host part , the subnet is stored in the routing table and treated as a host route. : 10.1.31.0/32 The secure address learned dynamically through voice vlan will not be converted to sticky mac address. 100 Fa0/20 246 1 i We still have to implement R4 access to 100.0.1.0 network to go R1 , access 100.0.2.0 network to go to R2 , this time we adjust MED , Community: inherits the community of all detailed routes , forming a list ATOMIC_Aggregate [ ] Note that the routes introduced outside the federation, the next-hop attribute will not change within the federation, even if it is passed between different member ASs , so R3 and R5 need to modify the next-hop attribute for R4 , set For your own update source IP , you already know how to do this? Weight Dialer Dialer interface Aggregate-address summary address summary-only ? Path cost The address family message is always 2 by default , and is 0 when requesting the entire routing table. None We see that on R4 , there are redundant paths for the two networks of 100.0 , but they are not best . Naturally, R4 cannot use these routes. Why is it not best ? The reason is that the next hop, nexthop is unreachable. Learning from other sources, the routing source is incomplete (confirm that the source of the routing information is incomplete). ( Republish IGP or static ) At this time, actually R1 's loopback port to R2 needs at least 2 hops, then this time you need to configure both neighbor xxxx ebgp-mul 2 IP address, and then take the destination IP address to look up in its own routing table. After finding the "best match" entry, the packet is forwarded according to the outbound interface or next hop IP indicated by the routing entry . This is the IP route. ( IP routing ) . And each router maintains a routing table locally. DAI working mechanism None | permit }} (global configuration mode) ip dhcp relay information trust-all Establish BGP neighbors 10.1.12.2 When ISP1 when down, and GW connected ISP1 interface not DOWN (such as closing ISP1 the CDP ), since the GW lost ISP1 of CDP Protocol overview The PC belongs to VLAN 10 and the gateway is on SW2 . The DHCP server belongs to VLAN 100 and the gateway is on SW2 . Ftp: Database agent URL ICMP redirect ICMP redirect 8 VTP version running VTP Domain Name VTP Pruning Mode VTP Traps Generation Next, let's take a look at several exchange methods. Some of the contents of this section are excerpted from the network, thanks to the original author's sharing. This route was therefore sent to R1 . Match interface matches the route with the next outgoing interface as one of the specified interfaces. 246 1 i When there are multiple paths, the BGP Router only selects the optimal route ( BEST ) to use (without load balancing) Administrative Distance (AD) 6 Then according to our thinking, on the R4 should be able to see the choice of 100.0.1.0 is R3 is 3.3.3.3 , go to Route-map defaults to permit , the default serial number is 10 , the serial number is not automatically incremented, and the serial number needs to be specified. Local origin 246 1 i 3.3.3.3 Optional delivery BGP is designed to AS transfer routes between, so it is actually a hop AS . The Layer 2 interface contains access mode and trunk mode that we are very familiar with . All physical interfaces of the switch are Layer 2 interfaces by default, which is switchport . There are two ways to perform an inbound soft reset: 1. Soft reset using stored routing update information 2 , dynamic soft reset VLAN is a very fundamental working mechanism of Layer 2 switches. Offset-list offset list In B and C on a pair of A do strategy, i.e. AS external boundary of AS do MED , such that A selected lower the MED value. The switches at both ends of the trunk need to use the same trunk protocol. R4#sh ip bgp Ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.254.1 By modifying LOCAL_PREF to affect the flow properties Heavy FAQ published Bgp fast-external-fallover R4#sh ip b Typical configuration example: Vlan 10 100 Preferably , the routes sent by the EBGP neighbors (relative to the IBGP neighbors) are preferred to the EBGP routes in the EBGP and IBGP . Note that the first six rules in the BGP routing rules cannot be determined. Only in case of circumstances. Multi-vendor routing environment Knowledge review Router(config) router rip Distance 130 10.1.12.1 0.0.0.0 1 We restore the experimental environment to the basic configuration: BGP neighbor relationships are as follows Access Switch SW1 is turned on DHCP Snooping , inserted Option82 ; R2 Provides load balancing and redundancy Route 2 : AS_PATH : 100 Let's take a look at the role of these well-known values ​​of community : Show interface | include bia Summary Neighbor 4.4.4.4 route-map LP out In CISCO IOS 12.2(33)SXH and subsequent versions, we can deploy port-security and 802.1X on the same interface. And before this software version: Max age As shown above, the position of the line is 16+4=20 , so we get the summary address: 192.168.0.0/20 , which is the most accurate summary address. Knowledge review If the ibgp keyword is not associated , only EBGP routes will be equivalently load balanced (by default only for EBGP routes). If maximum-paths is not configured , the next routing principle will be followed. Option 82 can contain multiple suboptions , and rfc3046 defines the following two: version Ip route 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.13.1 Neighbor 4.4.4.4 ebgp-multihop 4 BGP routing table entry for 172.16.0.0/16, version 4 Sh ip bgp neighbors {address} routes Metric LocPrf Weight Path 0 100 0 200 i The route works, but it is basically not used now, because the uncertainty is too strong) OK , after understanding the one-arm routing, let's take a look at how the Layer 3 switch implements data exchange between VLANs . From here, we begin to understand and deploy Layer 3 switching. We know that the Layer 2 switch can implement Layer 2 switching. It looks at the data frame, reads the Layer 2 information of the frame header and forwards it according to its own CAM table. The three-layer switch is equivalent to the second-layer switch, and has a routing module, so it can support the routing function: support routing protocol, support Layer 3 data forwarding, support IP routing lookup, support three layers Interface and more.