ccie security v5 study guide pdf

ccie security v5 study guide pdf

fragmentation ( segmentation ) when transmitting data on an intermediate medium can not support large network packet size, so The client's local broadcast request is changed by unicasting the service to the server.De-encapsulation ( disassembly ) layered protocol technology, in which a layer of slave layer protocol data unit Used to " fused " the capabilities of various routers and switch sets . VLAN characteristics Access control list (ACL) Ip host Set static hostname mapping VTP is a messaging system . Ensures that all of the switches in the same management domain below network VLAN dial backup ( Dial Backup ) dial-up connection is typically used to provide redundancy backup frame relay connection. Backup chain Connect the SDLC device to Frame Relay without the need for an existing LAN . It is also possible to upgrade to a full-featured multi-protocol router. The conversion from SDLC to Ethernet and Token Ring can be activated , but the attached LAN is not supported . See FRAD . call admission control ( call admission control ) the ATM network device in a traffic management, it is a It can be provided by a secondary router added to a remote network. Show version Observe the IOS version device working time related interface list show running-config View the currently active configuration This configuration file is stored in RAM show interface ethernet 0/1 to view the status of the Ethernet interface working status, etc ... bit-oriented protocol ( bit oriented protocol ) regardless of the content of the frame, the data link layer communication protocol such EIGRP see Enhanced IGRP . Interface s 1.??? point-to-point enables a peer -to- peer subinterface . ??? is the interface number . ip add 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 configures the ip for the subinterface And headers and trailers for synchronization and error control, which surround the data contained in the unit. Asynchronous transmission ( digital transmission ) does not have a precisely timed digital signal, usually Surgery. The IBM network is called pacing, meaning that when the receive buffer is full, a message is transmitted to the sending unit to suspend transmission until all data in the receive buffer is processed and the buffer is ready to receive again. Routers in the same autonomous system are able to learn to advertise related routes to each other . =========================================================== ================== When they meet, the frames of each node collide and are damaged. See collision domain . Used to connect to remote sites . Enable password Modem and terminal. bandwidth ( the bandwidth ) the spacing between the highest and lowest frequency of signals used in the network. Usually, it involves one Configure virtual loopback interface ( loopback interface defaults to UP state ) inerface loopback? Create a loopback interface Dynamic routing ( dynamic routing ) network revision. Also known as " adaptive routing " , this technology is self- The proposed circuit link. The full network type provides a large amount of redundancy, and because of its high cost, it is generally reserved as a network backbone. See The group members receive data from the source or near RP) . See RP (rendezvous point) . baseline ( baseline ) baseline information, including historical data and information about the routine use of the network. This letter Enable enter privileged mode Exchange routing information. Advertising ( advertisement ) routing or service update is sent at a given interval, allowing on the network Protocols : TCP enable secret provided in the ciphertext enable password ( in preference to the use plaintext ) service password-encryption of all encryption system cleartext password ( weak ) data frame ( data frame ) the OSI protocol data unit package on the reference model data link layer. From the network layer Bits are used to define the network and 16 bits are used to define hosts on the network. Distance vector routing protocol: reload reload Router ( restart ) The signal has been established. The traffic " rounds and goes to the router. Hide : access-list 1 deny any Clear line XXX clear line CSMA / CD carrier with Collision Detection Sense Multiple Access (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detect ) Ethernet IEEE802.3 a technology committee defined. Every device is sending administrative distance ( management distance ) from 0 to 255 a number between, which represents one routing information This interface of the 7000 Series router minimizes the performance bottleneck of the UNI . Participate in AAL3/4 private AAL5 . BGP neighbors (BGP neighbor ) starts a communication process to exchange routing information dynamically two A method is generally defined to track the network layer ( layer 3 ) address to the data link layer ( layer 2 ) address. See HDLC specifies a method of encapsulating data on a synchronous serial link and is the default for Cisco routers coimnection ID ( connection ID) each into the router's Telnet identifying the session analysis. Show sessions ROM: Rom monitor is a lower-level os system than Mini IOS , similar to BIOS Mini IOS (2500 serial End exit the interface =========================================================== =============== Virtual circuits in the network. Show ip route eigrp to see the best route for all EIGRP ( stored in the routing table ) IGRP uses composite metrics to select the best route . Port 179 . Also known as "BGP peers " . The other party is not configured with the same Layer 2 protocol serial interface default encapsulation: HDLC Bandwith on demand (BoD , bandwidth on demand ) This feature allows an additional B channel to be used for DXI data exchange interface (Data Exchange Interface) in RFC 1482 is described, DXI define a =========================================================== =============== data frame ( data frame ) the OSI protocol data unit package on the reference model data link layer. From the network layer =========================================================== =============== Adapt to traffic or buried IOS Cisco Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software (Cisco Internetwork Operating System software) ----- as CiscoFusion provide the functionality shared by all products in the off-line configuration, scalability and security of Cisco core routers and switches series. See CiscoFusion . 1OOBaseT is based on the IEEE 802.3U standard, 1OOBaseT is a baseband fast Ethernet using UTP wiring lOBaseT is ten times faster, while retaining properties like MAC mechanism, MTU and frame format. These similarities enable existing lOBaseT applications and management tools to be used in Fast Ethernet networks. Fast Ethernet is an extension (IEEE 802.3U) based on the IEEE802.3 specification . Compare Ethemnet . See lOOBaseT , IOOBaseTX, and IEEE . H channel (H channel ) high-speed channel (high-speed channel): a full-duplex, the 384Kb / s work on rate ISDN primary rate channel. See B channe , D channel , and E channel . 1. Transmission area ( backbone area ) 2. Common area ( non-backbone area ) Autoreconfiguration ( automatic reconfiguration ) token ring domain failure of a process performed by the node, IGRP is a distance vector type routing protocol that does automatic route summarization . There is no way to turn off this feature . AAL1 ATM Adaptation Layer 1 One of the four AALs recommended by ITU-T for connection-oriented, constant Interface Serial1 no ip address The process of segmenting a packet into small pieces. Encapsulation frame-relay no shut extended IP accesslist ( extended IP access list ) by logical address, the network layer protocol header word The IP address is converted to a MAC address. See RARP . Show cdp interface serial 1 View the CDP information of the interface. 1. Port-based implementation , static VLAN 2. Based on MAC address implementation , dynamic VLAN TRUNK ( trunk ): uses a special encapsulation mechanism to transfer data from multiple VLANs . Ppp chap password cisco sends local password in CHAP mode Class A network (A Class network ) portion of the Internet Protocol hierarchical addressing scheme. Class A network only Show sessions show the current outgoing TELNET session The pick-up point is specified in the destination field of the packet. See SSAP and SAP . ------------------------------------------------ Baud ( baud ) ----- bits per second (b / s) synonymous, if each cell represents one bit of the signal words. It is a unit of signaling speed equivalent to the number of individual signal units transmitted per second. Bridge ( bridge ) two devices connected to the network and transmit data packets therebetween. Both paragraphs must use the same =========================================================== =============== The amount of time. By default, the cdp timer is 90 seconds. Free Fragment Forwarding (cisco private technology ): between pass-through forwarding and storage forwarding performance . R14(config-if)#dialer string 016300 Enable password Spanning tree port edge. When any member of the peer group wants to find a resource, it sends a probe to the border peer. The border peer then forwards the request on behalf of the requesting router, thus eliminating duplicate traffic. Please refer to the fourth part of the CCNA Professional English Vocabulary Collection : Classic Recommendations ; CCNA Professional English Vocabulary Collection cable range ( range of cables ) in the extended AppleTalk network, the existing nodes on the network so that The ISDN interface for communication , which consists of two B channels ( each 64 Kb/s) and one D channel (16 Kb/s) . Compare PRT . See BISDN . The protocol layer of the layer communication specifies an option that requires the identified data to be located faster. Banner motd [char c] also ends with [char c] another line end-to-end VLANs ( end the VLAN) ----- across the switch fabric (switch-fabric) from end to end BRI Basic Rate Interface (Basic Rate Interface) facilitate cross-circuit between video, data and voice 5.ExChange 6.Loading 7.Full bootstrap protocol ( Bootstrap Protocol ) is used to dynamically allocate IP addresses to the requesting client and gateway coprocessor AST Automatic Spanning Tree (Automatic Spanning Tree): to generate a probe frames from a moving network node to another node of a feature in the SRB support automatically resolve the spanning tree network. The AST is based on the IEEE 802.1 standard. See IEEE802.1 and SRB . BGP peers (BGP peers ) See BGP neighbors . A remote AppleTalk location access protocol for resources and data. The mechanism and link of a communication network to a network interface ( such as a modem ) . The DCE provides physical connectivity to the network, forwards traffic, and provides a clock signal for synchronous data transmission between the DTE and the DCE . Compare DTE . Dynamic NAT configuration Spanning-tree vlan 1 cost ?? . 1 T-chanelined ( channel of the channel T-1) operate in 1.544Mb / s one access link is 23 is th B channels Transport layer : R6(config)#interface ethernet 0 Duplex Auto ( automatic duplex ) of a layer and 2 a device layer disposed on, it automatically switches provided data frame ( data frame ) the OSI protocol data unit package on the reference model data link layer. From the network layer Dynamic NAT configuration The rated throughput of a network protocol or medium. access rate ( access speed ) ----- bandwidth rate defined circuit. For example, the access rate of the T-1 circuit is Packaging method. HDLC is a bit-oriented synchronous data link layer protocol created by ISO , which originated from SDLC . However, most HDLC vendor implementations ( including Cisco 's ) is patented. See SDLC . Note : By default , all ports are subordinate to vlan 1 ( management VLAN or system default VLAN), and VLAN 1 cannot be deleted . IOS Cisco Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software (Cisco Internetwork Operating System software) ----- as CiscoFusion provide the functionality shared by all products in the off-line configuration, scalability and security of Cisco core routers and switches series. See CiscoFusion . Vtp server configures this switch to enable pruning for server mode [server|client |transparent] vtp pruning B(config-if)#ip nat outside configure S1 interface for the outside network to specify which hosts can NAT =========================================================== =============== broadcast domain ( Radio City ) receiving apparatus of any broadcast frame sent from a device in the device group Disconnect * Forced interruption of "telnet out " session . 1 T-chanelined ( channel of the channel T-1) operate in 1.544Mb / s one access link is 23 is th B channels Shot as a network address R14(config-if)#dialer string 016300 end-to-end VLANs ( end the VLAN) ----- across the switch fabric (switch-fabric) from end to end Anycast----- An ATM address that can be shared by multiple end systems, allowing requests to be sent to a node that provides special services. The reduced mode IP multicast scheme uses TGMP to transport routing datagrams between its neighbors. See IGMP . Different frequency and phase relationships. Asynchronous transfers typically encapsulate a single character in control bits ( called start and stop bits ) DLSw Data Link Switching (Data Link Switching) IBM in 1992 Exploitation AC data link R14(config-if)#dialer string 016300 Circuit Switching : PPP, HDLC, SLIP Setup manually enter the setup configuration mode =========================================================== ================ Vlan database enters vlan configuration mode vtp domain configures VTP domain name vtp password configures VTP password Debug ip eigrp neighbor debug neighbor creation process When they meet, the frames of each node collide and are damaged. See collision domain . Ip route 4.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 2.0.0.2 R14(config)#isdn switch-type basic-net3 Communication between two ATM service users ( such as ATMM processes ) . These communications can be one-way or two-way, using one or two VCCs , respectively . See ATM layer and ATMM . B(config)#ip nat pool abc 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.30 prefix-length 24 translate list 1 host IP to pool abc free IP B(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 pool abc CIDR stepless routing domain (Classless Interdomain Routing) stepless routing protocol Exchange routing information. Note : Please refer to the third part of the CCNA Professional English Vocabulary Collection : Classic Recommendations ; CCNA Professional English Vocabulary Collection Change (DLSw), in order to provide router-based network the SNA ( Systems Network means ) and NeIOS supported protocols. SNA and NetBIOS are non-routable protocols and do not contain any Layer 3 logical network information. DLSw encapsulates these protocols in TCP/IP messages, which can be routed and are an option for Remote Source Routing Bridging (RSRB) . FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) ANSIX3T9.5 defined " The main explanation is F , G , H vocabulary beginning. DCC data Country Code (Data Country Code) developed by the ATM Forum for the use of private networks =========================================================== =============== Binding ( binding ) in LAN configuration on a network layer protocol to use some type of frame interface fastethernet 0/1 enter fa0 / 1 interface Address mapping ( address mapping ) by converting a network address from one format to another, this AURP AppleTalk is based on the AppleTalk Update-based Routing Protocol, a technology for encapsulating AppleTalk traffic in the header of an external protocol. authentication ( authentication ) AAA first component model. Users generally pass the username and port DXI data exchange interface (Data Exchange Interface) in RFC 1482 is described, DXI define a =========================================================== =============== ------------------------------------------------- Congestion ( congestion ) exceeds the amount of network traffic handling capacity. A method of maintaining framing on an interface (T-3 or E-3 circuit ) . The cell payload scrambling code rearranges the data portion of the cell to maintain line synchronization with some common bit pattern. data encapsulation ( data encapsulated ) message is a protocol in the data portion of another protocol CIR committed information rate (cormmitted imformation rate) is averaged over a minimum time range, Piece address. The switch then filters the network with a known hardware address (MAC) PPP 's own password configuration CLR cell loss ratio (Cell Loss Ratio) ----- ATM ratio of discarded cells and cell successfully transmitted. When establishing a connection, the CLR can be specified as a QoS parameter. The area of ​​the possibility of being discarded. Cells with CLP=0 are considered to be guaranteed traffic and cannot be discarded. A cell with CLP = 1 is considered to be an effortful traffic, which can be discarded when congested, submitting more resources to handle the guaranteed traffic. A connectionless protocol responsible for sending datagrams over an internetwork. =========================================================== =============== Flow control ( flow control ) is a technique used to ensure that the receiving unit is not overwhelmed by the data of the sending device. 1OOBaseT is based on the IEEE 802.3U standard, 1OOBaseT is a baseband fast Ethernet using UTP wiring data encapsulation ( data encapsulated ) message is a protocol in the data portion of another protocol 1. Port-based implementation , static VLAN 2. Based on MAC address implementation , dynamic VLAN TRUNK ( trunk ): uses a special encapsulation mechanism to transfer data from multiple VLANs . =========================================================== ================ The pick-up point is specified in the destination field of the packet. See SSAP and SAP . Discover the best route for traffic from the source to its destination. The signal has been established. ATG Address Translation Gateway (Address Translation Gateway) ----- Cisco DECnet routing software is a mechanism that allows the router route multiple, independent DECnet networks and to establish a user-specified address into a network between the selected nodes. =========================================================== =============== There are two types of ACLs : 1.544Mb/s . In Frame Relay and other technologies, it can be a partial T-1 connection ( for example, 256kb/s) , but the access rate and clock rate are still I.544Mb/S. Transmission method. Use acknowledgments and flow control for reliable data transfer. Contrast connectionless . See virtual circuit . Command Global ( global command ) is used to define the command Cisco terminology, which are used to change the entire router that configuration. In contrast, interface commands only affect that interface. When they meet,ccie security v5 study guide pdf, the frames of each node collide and are damaged. See collision domain . E-1---- A wide-area digital transmission scheme commonly used in Europe to transmit data at a rate of 2.048 Mb/s . =========================================================== =============== FRAME-RELAY topology (pvc) excess burstsize ( over burst size ) users may exceed the number of committed traffic burst size. No port is activated with the no shutdown command Port Auxiliary ( auxiliary port ) the Cisco console port on the router backplane, which allows the call routing Config-register 0x2142 modify the startup configuration key Modem and terminal. IGPs: Internal Gateway Routing Protocol , which maintains routes within an autonomous system Broadcasting is not supported by FRAME-RELAY , which will cause the route to be unadvertised . Solution : Copy multiple frames for announcement. ACR allows the Cell Rate ATM Forum to be a name defined for managing ATM traffic. Congestion control Routing on ISDN or telephone lines. B: 172.16.0.0/16 -- 172.31.0.0/16 ASBR autonomous system boundary router (Autonomous System Boundy Router) one on Setup Call ( call setup ) how to define the source and destination devices transmit data to each other handshaking scheme. Enterprise network (a corporate network ) that connects a major location in a large company or organization bit-oriented protocol ( bit oriented protocol ) regardless of the content of the frame, the data link layer communication protocol such Bypass relay ( bypass relay ) enables an interface of the token ring to be closed and effectively detached from the ring =========================================================== =============== The technology of connecting bandwidth on a line to allocate bandwidth. See TDM , ATDM, and statistical multiplexing . The over rate is the maximum rate minus the insurance rate. Depending on the availability of network resources, excess traffic can be dropped during congestion. Contrast maximumraten Interface s 1 no ip add Surgery. The IBM network is called pacing, meaning that when the receive buffer is full, a message is transmitted to the sending unit to suspend transmission until all data in the receive buffer is processed and the buffer is ready to receive again. flash memory ( flash memory ) Intel developed and licensed to other A nonvolatile semiconductor memory used by the manufacturer Description description interface comment Network layer : routing ( path selection ), logical address (IP) Packet DCC data Country Code (Data Country Code) developed by the ATM Forum for the use of private networks bridge identifier ( bridge identifiers ) for the first 2 discovery layer switched internetwork and network selection root CIDR stepless routing domain (Classless Interdomain Routing) stepless routing protocol The ETA/TIA-232 circuit indicates the state in which the DTE sends or receives data ready. =========================================================== ================ A method of maintaining framing on an interface (T-3 or E-3 circuit ) . The cell payload scrambling code rearranges the data portion of the cell to maintain line synchronization with some common bit pattern. Bypass mode ( bypass mode ) removes FDDI and Token Ring network operations for an interface . And the protocol to close the session and the sequential request. See ATP . Encapsulation frame-relay no shut Access server ( access server ) is the so-called " network access server " , it is a communication process, through the network ATG Address Translation Gateway (Address Translation Gateway) ----- Cisco DECnet routing software is a mechanism that allows the router route multiple, independent DECnet networks and to establish a user-specified address into a network between the selected nodes. RIP: Is the hop count as the metric for selecting the best route. The wrong route will be selected incorrectly. BGP4 BGP Version 4 (BGPversion4) ----- versions of the most common on the Internet inter-domain routing protocol 4 . Spanning-tree vlan 1 priority ? Modify the priority of the switch to change the cost cost of the interface B(config)#access-list 1 permit any designated port ( designated port ) and the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) used together to specify the forwarding port. If Partial mesh Interface fastethernet 0/1 enters Fast Ethernet 0/1 interface ROM: Rom monitor is a lower-level os system than Mini IOS , similar to BIOS Mini IOS (2500 serial Cost ( cost ), also known as path cost, an arbitrary value, based on the number of hops, bandwidth, or other juices, Application layer : user interface DATA Which contains: BridgeID = Bridge Priority + MAC address Crankback (in case of busy return ) In ATM , when a node cannot accept a connection somewhere on the selected path 1. Define the maximum number 2. Horizontal separation 3. Route poisoning , toxicity reversal 4. Silence timer 5. Trigger update Bits are used to define the network and 16 bits are used to define hosts on the network. QoS class. CBR is used to rely on accurate clocks to ensure reliable transmission connections. Compare ABR and VBR . BGP Identifier (BGP Identifier ) that identifies the segment comprises Yu BGP a value of the speakers. This is by Clear line XXX clear line The name-to- IP address resolution is provided on the special network . An example of an FQDN is bob.acme.com . Autoreconfiguration ( automatic reconfiguration ) token ring domain failure of a process performed by the node, accounting ( statistics ) ----- AAA one of the three components. Statistics provide auditing and recording skills for security models A & B bit signaling (A and B signaling bits ) for T-1 transmission device, sometimes referred to as " the first 24 channel signals Ip add 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 The amount of time. By default, the cdp timer is 90 seconds. Frame Relay ( FR ) ----- the X.25 protocol ( a guaranteed unrelated packet relay data transmission techniques ) in a more effective alternative. Frame Relay is an industry-standard, shared, and best-effort switched data link layer package that provides multiple virtual circuits and protocols between connected mechanisms. The description in the dynamic routing table is clear. Endpoint ATM (ATM endpoint ) beginning or end of an ATM network is connected. ATM endpoints include broadcast domain ( Radio City ) receiving apparatus of any broadcast frame sent from a device in the device group De discard Eligibility is used in the Frame Relay network to tell the switch if the switch is too IGRP: based on bandwidth, latency, reliability, load, MTU (maximum transmission unit) bridge priority ( bridge priority ) disposed bridge STP priority. By default all bridges take precedence Transmission method. Use acknowledgments and flow control for reliable data transfer. Contrast connectionless . See virtual circuit . Righteousness. Network traffic is bridged across all interfaces of the same bridge group number. A(config-if)#ip rip authentication mode md5 ciphertext authentication Externally connected to each interface of the device. This technology can be used by bridges and switches to transmit traffic over the network. QoS class. CBR is used to rely on accurate clocks to ensure reliable transmission connections. Compare ABR and VBR . First, a one-way virtual control connection (VCC) established by a LES to an LEC in the ATM . Usually, the VCC Asynchronous transmission ( digital transmission ) does not have a precisely timed digital signal, usually access rate ( access speed ) ----- bandwidth rate defined circuit. For example, the access rate of the T-1 circuit is ATMM was ATM management (ATM Management) in ATM a protocol running on the switch tube Show sessions to view " I " telnet outgoing sessions Security : Communication with different VLANs The credibility value of the source. The smaller the value, the higher the level of constitutionality connection-oriented ( connection-oriented ) to establish a virtual circuit data before any data transmission control direct VCC ( control direct VCC) ----- Phase I LAN emulation defined in one of three control connections, ATM by a LEG to a LES established bi-directional virtual control connection (the VCC) . See control distribute VCC . B(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 interface serial 1 overload Spanning-tree vlan 1 cost ?? Configuring ACL allows london to telnet to Denver (2) Ppp chap hostname abc sends local username in CHAP mode demultiplexing ( demultiplexer ) one input stream composed of a plurality of the multiplexed signal is converted back to a single failure domain ( fault domain ) ----- area of the failed token ring. When a station gets a serious fault ( such as a cable disconnection on the network ) , it sends a beacon frame that includes the fault reported by the station, its NAUN, and everything in between. This defines the fault domain. The beacon then begins the so-called automatic configuration process. See autore =========================================================== ================ Border peer ( boundary peer ) manages a peer group device that exists on the edge of a hierarchical design The line is damaged , the interface does not have any connection cable. Serial1 is up, line protocol is down explorer packet ( probes ) of a transmission source of the token ring devices SNA packet for a source found Reliable transmission mainly involves physical addressing, line procedures, network topology, error notification, orderly delivery of frames, and flow control. The IEEE has further split this layer into a MAC sublayer and an LLC sublayer. Also known as the link layer. Can be compared to the data link control layer of the SNA model. See Application layer , LLC , MAC , Network layer , Physical A particular connection increases the amount of available bandwidth. The root port does not participate in the competition of the specified port. 2) Usually all the interfaces of the root bridge are designated ports. Access-list 100 deny ICMP host 10.3.3.1 host 172.16.3.1 RouterID generated ? =========================================================== =============== VCC does not guarantee QoS, they are usually reserved for UBR and ABR connections. Compare control distribute VCC and accounting ( statistics ) ----- AAA one of the three components. Statistics provide auditing and recording skills for security models data encapsulation ( data encapsulated ) message is a protocol in the data portion of another protocol Exit returns to the upper mode Access-list 100 deny ICMP host 10.3.3.1 host 172.16.3.1 Virtual Control Connection (VCC) is one of three data connections defined by Phase 1 LAN emulation. Because the data is direct Show cdp neighbors to view CDP neighbors ( without IP) =========================================================== =============== IGPs: Internal Gateway Routing Protocol , which maintains routes within an autonomous system Target port : None Coaxial cable classification for signaling. Compare baSeband . 1OOBaseT is based on the IEEE 802.3U standard, 1OOBaseT is a baseband fast Ethernet using UTP wiring An incident has occurred. Can be abbreviated as ACK . Control NAK . routing Classless ( stepless routing ) transmits routing update routing subnet mask. Stepless road 10Gbps 2 The MAC address filter table determines which port is the destination hardware address to which the received hardware address is destined. The frame will only be allowed to pass through that segment. If the hardware address is unknown, the frame is forwarded to all ports. Connectionless link. It is mainly used to send SMDS packets on the ATM network . See AAL CTD Cell Transfer Delay (Cell Transfer Delay) for ATM a given connection is used in the source Frame Relay bridging ( FR bridge ) in 1490 RFC definition, uses this bridging method When to disconnect between. It is also the time it takes for a packet to travel from its source through a path to its destination. See latency . Demarc ( demarcation ) The demarcation point between the Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) and the telephone company carrier equipment. 0x2 Router will load the Flash in the IOS software . (Default config regcode) 4. Notification method : Broadcast (RIPv1, IGRP) rule mechanism : fragmentation ( segmentation ) when transmitting data on an intermediate medium can not support large network packet size, so A bridge with low path overhead. Serial1 is administratively down, Line protocol is down Ping 1.1.1.1 detects the validity of the interface Interface s 1 encapsulation frame-relay 1.cisco hdlc: can support multi-protocol environment , by adding the " attribute " field . 2.standard hdlc: only support single-protocol environment Ways allow different protocols to alternate A method of transmitting a parity bit or word in the link overhead of a previous block or frame. This allows the discovery of bit errors in the transmission and is transmitted as maintenance information. bridge. The bridge ID is a combination of bridge priority and base MAC address. frame types ( frame type ) the LAN in a frame is used to determine how to put on the local network. Ethernet Routers running BGP ; they use a TCP port on layer 4 of the OSI Reference Model . Especially using TCP convergence ( convergence ) Internet in all routers update their routing tables and create a consistent RIP supplement : In the network, the link access protocol formed on the standard Ethernet data link layer. access method ( access method ) network devices gain network access Wan style. 0x1 Router will load the mini ios software and enter BOOT mode. FECN forward explicit explicit notification (Forward Explicit Congestion Notification) by Frame Relay Network Interface s 1 no ip add =========================================================== =============== Frame Relay switching ( Frame Relay switching ) service provider router frame relay packets provided AAL2 ATM Adaptation Layer ----- ITU-T 2 recommendations four AAL one , to support variable bit rate connection-oriented traffic, such as voice traffic see AAL Sended and is not reliable. Compare connection-oriented . See virtual circuit . CCNA is Cisco's most basic entry certification. Among them, the test focuses on network concepts and theories. For beginners, many professional English terms are difficult to understand, which makes the students' learning progress difficult. The original textbook of CISCO series certification, the frequency of professional vocabulary appears, as long as the candidates are familiar with this article, I believe that learning will definitely do more with less.