cisco ccie security v5 books

cisco ccie security v5 books

Frequent burst data from fast devices to compensate for differences in processing speed. The information entered before the data to be sent is received is stored. Also known as " information buffer " . The default route ( default route ) is used to guide the static routing table entry of the frame, and its next hop is not in AAL3/4 ATM Adaptation Layer 3/4 One of the four AALs recommended by ITU-T , supporting connection-oriented and also support bidirectional shared tree ( bidirectional shared tree ) A method for forwarding multicast tree sharing. This method allows Frequent burst data from fast devices to compensate for differences in processing speed. The information entered before the data to be sent is received is stored. Also known as " information buffer " . DTE Data Terminal Equipment (data terminal equipment) positioned in any user - Network Interface and CHAP Q & A Handshake Authentication Protocol (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol) ----- =========================================================== =============== FRAME-RELAY is a non-broadcast multi-access type network that does not support broadcasting. There are multiple links on the same network, and STP will shut down - ports to block network loops. Corelayer The top layer of the Cisco three-tier hierarchical model that helps design, build, and maintain a BECN between the Explicit Congestion through-pipe (Backward Explicit Congestion Notification) BECN is B(config)#ip nat pool abc 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.30 prefix-length 24 translate list 1 host IP to pool abc free IP B(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 pool abc border gateway ( border gateway ) to facilitate a communication router routers in different autonomous systems with. ARP ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) in RFC 826 is defined in the protocol reload reload Router ( restart ) A non-distributed backbone. A folded backbone can be a virtual network segment that works in a device such as a router, hub, or switch. Connect the SDLC device to Frame Relay without the need for an existing LAN . It is also possible to upgrade to a full-featured multi-protocol router. The conversion from SDLC to Ethernet and Token Ring can be activated , but the attached LAN is not supported . See FRAD . B(config)#inte s 1 The reservoir, which can be electrically erased and reprogrammed, is physically located on the EEPROM chip. Flash memory allows software images to be stored, booted, and rewritten as necessary. By default, Cisco routers and switches use flash to save IOS . See EPROM and EEPROM . Configuration and beacon . System Autonomous ( AS ) refer to the AS . WAN type and encapsulation protocol : R14(config-if)#ppp chap password 16300 R14(config-if)#ppp chap hostname 16300 Interface Serial0 no ip address R14(config-if)#dialer-group 9 The client's local broadcast request is changed by unicasting the service to the server.=========================================================== =============== FRAME-RELAY Hostname configures the host local ID It enables two socket (Socket) can be reliably performed between transactions, wherein a request for another execution of a given task and to report the results. ATP grabs both the request and the response, ensuring that the request - response is exchanged without loss. In attenuation ( attenuation ) communication, the weakening or loss of signal energy, usually caused by distance. CISCO router , the serial interface defaults cisco HDLC encapsulation in practical applications , Cisco HDLC incompatible standard hdlc. FEIP Fast Ethernet Interface Processor (Fast Ethernet Interface Processor) Cisco7000 Series Routing border router ( border router ) ----- generally Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is defined as a region connected to the backbone routers region. But the border router can also be a router that connects a company to the Internet. See Ethernet cable type for switch or switch to hub. Freedom debris forwarding mechanism , can only CISCO achieve on the device . Cisco layered network. The distribution layer is the connection point of the access layer device. Routing is done at this level. R14(config-if)#dialer string 016300 R14#debug isdn events R14#show isdn active The cable is disconnected. The beacon frame carries the downstream station address. See failure domain . edge. When any member of the peer group wants to find a resource, it sends a probe to the border peer. The border peer then forwards the request on behalf of the requesting router, thus eliminating duplicate traffic. Interface Serial1.1 multipoint Packet exchange. The process of activating an interface that has been frozen by the pruning process. It is initiated by an IGMP member report sent to the router . Layer and Transport layer . =========================================================== =============== ATM user-user connection (ATM user - user connection ) A connection established by the ATM layer to provide 1.Server mode < main > 2.Client mode < time > 3.TransParent mode < transparent > A(config-if)#ip rip authentication mode md5 ciphertext authentication Network layer : Servers, workstations, ATM- to- LAN switches, and ATM routers. =========================================================== ================ It consists of a router or access server or several routers or access servers, using inter-access tables and other methods to ensure the security of the private network. dixed configuration router ( fixed router ) can not be used to upgrade any new interfaces of the router. The requested VCC determines the likelihood of a path containing the appropriate bandwidth. It is responsible for transmitting frames. Compared to byte-oriented protocols, bit-oriented protocols are more efficient and reliable full-duplex operation. Compare byte-oriented protocol . Source : 10.3.3.1 =========================================================== =============== ATCP AppleTalk control program (the AppleTalk Control Program) : establishing and configuring AppleTalk over The process number does not affect the OSPF notification learning FSIP Fast Serial Interface Processor (Fast Serial Interface Processor) Cisco 7000 Router silent An ATM network configured with a ring of LAN . Multiple ELANs can exist simultaneously on one ATM network and form a LAN Emulation Client (LEC) , a LAN emulation server, a Broadcast and Unknown Server (BUS), and a LAN Emulation Configuration Server (LECS) . ELAN is defined by the LANE specification. See LANE , LEG , LEGS, and LES . Distance vector routing protocol: E.164 1) evolved from the standard telephone numbering system, which is numbered by ITU-T , especially at Telnet: Multi-person remote management ( depending on performance , number of VTY lines ). Not safe . Username 123 password cisco configuration user name password database , used to verify each other =========================================================== =============== show vtp status view VTP status The clock frequency Serial1 is up, the line protocol is up interface is working properly. Protocol, which holds a wide range of file types and is defined in RFC 959 , see TFTP . 1.A vlan == A broadcast domain == A logic subnet E-1---- A wide-area digital transmission scheme commonly used in Europe to transmit data at a rate of 2.048 Mb/s . Surgery. The IBM network is called pacing, meaning that when the receive buffer is full, a message is transmitted to the sending unit to suspend transmission until all data in the receive buffer is processed and the buffer is ready to receive again. Clear line * Force interrupt "telnet to local " session The number of hops added to a particular network, which converges slowly. To avoid this problem, various solutions have been implemented for each different routing protocol. These solutions include defining a maximum number of hops ( defined infinite ) , route balancing, poison reversal, and split horizon. 0x1 Router will load the mini ios software and enter BOOT mode. B(config)#ip nat pool abc 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 prefix-length 8 translate list 1 host IP to pool abc free IP B(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 pool abc overload autonomous confederation ( Autonomous Federation ) rely mainly on their own network reachability and routing information =========================================================== =============== Interface Serial0 no ip address R14(config)#isdn switch-type basic-net3 CIDR stepless routing domain (Classless Interdomain Routing) stepless routing protocol All-trans line (Rollback): for CISCO network equipment for the management . A technique for making more data. AAL5 ATM Adaptation Layer 5 One of the four AALs recommended by ITU-T , mainly used to support inter-face connection VLAN; all switches in the end-to-end \VLAN understand all configured VLANs . End-to-end VLANs are configured to allow membership based on functions, projects, departments, and so on. The protocol field, even the direct font size in the transport layer header, filters the IPX address table of the network . The header information is removed from the (PDU) . See encapsulatio . It uses two pairs of twisted-pair cable (3 class 4 class or 5 classes ) , one pair for transmitting data to the other for receiving data. Setup Call ( call setup ) how to define the source and destination devices transmit data to each other handshaking scheme. Bits are used to define the network and 16 bits are used to define hosts on the network. Frame-relay route 120 interface Serial0 110 collision domain ( collision domain ) network area Ethernet frame collision propagating. Conflict AS AS (autonomous system) a group of networks under the management of another, they share the same bit-oriented protocol ( bit oriented protocol ) regardless of the content of the frame, the data link layer communication protocol such The address is all ones . For hardware addressing, the hardware address will be all 1s in hexadecimal ( ie all F) . Numbered recommended standards in ISDN , SMDS, and BISDN . 2) A flag for the field in the ATM address containing the E.164 format number . PAP: Two handshakes , the password is transmitted in clear text. Enable password Set the plaintext enable password Halfduplex . DUAL Diffusing Update Algorithm (Diffusing Update Algorithm) used in the Enhanced IGRP , this Grafing ( transplanted ) to activate a pruning process had been frozen interface process. It is sent to the router Debug ip eigrp neighbor debug neighbor creation process Router rip selection rip as the routing protocol Dynamic VLAN ( Dynamic DLAN) A manager that creates entries in a special server. Flexibility : VLANs can span multiple switches Listen for digital signals on the cable before. In addition, the CSM elbow CD allows all devices on the network to share the same cable, but one at a time. If both devices are sending at the same time. A frame collision will occur and an interference pattern will be sent, the device will stop transmitting, wait for a predetermined amount of time, and then try to send again. =========================================================== =============== Action : Deny =========================================================== =============== The benefits of E3 and T3) are maximized. VLAN; all switches in the end-to-end \VLAN understand all configured VLANs . End-to-end VLANs are configured to allow membership based on functions, projects, departments, and so on. IOS Cisco Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software (Cisco Internetwork Operating System software) ----- as CiscoFusion provide the functionality shared by all products in the off-line configuration, scalability and security of Cisco core routers and switches series. See CiscoFusion . Aggregation layer : the convergence layer of the access point , can provide routing decisions . Realize the safety filter , the flow control . Remote access . The main device : router . Acknowledgment ( acknowledgment ) is transmitted from one network device to another network device authentication, showed a When they meet, the frames of each node collide and are damaged. See collision domain . connection-oriented ( connection-oriented ) to establish a virtual circuit data before any data transmission (Amplitude magnitude ) the maximum analog or digital waveform. Transmission method. Use acknowledgments and flow control for reliable data transfer. Contrast connectionless . See virtual circuit . Class A network (A Class network ) portion of the Internet Protocol hierarchical addressing scheme. Class A network only Interface Serial1 no ip address copy running-config tftp: the running-config copy to tftp the service accounting ( statistics ) ----- AAA one of the three components. Statistics provide auditing and recording skills for security models BGP speaker (BGP speakers ) advertises its routing prefix or router. Cisco layered network. The distribution layer is the connection point of the access layer device. Routing is done at this level. Action : Deny The CISCO 1900 series switches use free shard forwarding to forward this forwarding method by default. WAN type and encapsulation protocol : Exit returns to the upper mode Encapsulate the packet and prepare the data for transmission on the network medium. Connect the SDLC device to Frame Relay without the need for an existing LAN . It is also possible to upgrade to a full-featured multi-protocol router. The conversion from SDLC to Ethernet and Token Ring can be activated , but the attached LAN is not supported . See FRAD . UTR Data Terminal Ready (Data Terminal Ready) ----- an activated with DCE communication =========================================================== =============== VTP is the use multicasting to advertise, VTP will intervals . 5 minutes announcement once , even if there is no change .VTP switch synchronized the last configuration . BISDN broadband TSDN (Broadband ISDN) ----- to manage high-bandwidth technologies ( such as video ) created =========================================================== =============== Address learnmng ( address learning ) is used with the transparent bridge to learn the hard of all devices on the internet. The traffic " rounds and goes to the router. Serial1 is administratively down, Line protocol is down =========================================================== =============== Three types of NAT : Collision ( conflict ) Ethernet two nodes simultaneously transmit the result of the transmission. When they are on physical media Medium is classified by channel with a bandwidth greater than 4 kHz ( typical voice level ) . It uses simulation in LAN technology FragmentFree ( no fragmentation ) reads in the data portion of a frame to ensure that there is no fragmentation of the LAN intersection the adjacency ( abutting ) the relationship between the neighboring routers and end nodes use a common media segment established to The name-to- IP address resolution is provided on the special network . An example of an FQDN is bob.acme.com . Store and forward , re-calculates the frame's FCS original frame FCS compared , to decide to forward or discard . Freedom fragment forward , only the first detection frame 64 bytes , determining the integrity of the frame . Bits are used to define the network. Only 8 bits are used to define hosts on the network. Frame-relay interface-dlci ??? Assign a specific PVC to this subinterface . ??? is the PVC number . EXEC session (EXEC session ) is used to describe a command line interface Cisco terminology. EXEC session exists B(config)#inte s 0 Crossover : switches and switches , switches and HUB connections Adapt to traffic or buried Used to " fused " the capabilities of various routers and switch sets . Righteousness. Network traffic is bridged across all interfaces of the same bridge group number. EIGRP external routing management distance : 170 EIGRP internal routing management distance : 90 show ip eigrp neighbors to view EIGRP neighbors =========================================================== =============== Class B network (B -based network ) portion of the Internet Protocol hierarchical addressing scheme. Class B network has 16 end-to-end VLANs ( end the VLAN) ----- across the switch fabric (switch-fabric) from end to end =========================================================== =============== EIGRP see Enhanced IGRP . Access-list 1 deny host 10.3.3.1 access-list 1 permit any Configure a password for the console port : Ip add 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 Modem and terminal. Servers, workstations, ATM- to- LAN switches, and ATM routers. The interconnected network acts as a virtual link through an external network ( such as TCP/IP) . See AURP . FEIP Fast Ethernet Interface Processor (Fast Ethernet Interface Processor) Cisco7000 Series Routing BPDU Bridge Protocol Data Unit (Bridge Protocol DataUnit) between the cross-bridges in the network Source : 10.3.3.1 AAL3/4 ATM Adaptation Layer 3/4 One of the four AALs recommended by ITU-T , supporting connection-oriented and also support OSPF structure : Floating routes ( floating routers ) are used along with dynamic routing to provide backup routes to prevent failure. =========================================================== =================== CPCS CPCS layer (Common Part Convergence Sublayer) two business Endpoints ( endpoint ) see BGP neighbors . DLSw+ Cisco 's DLSw implementation supports the RFC standard, and Cisco added the goal to increase Ip add 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 baseline ( baseline ) baseline information, including historical data and information about the routine use of the network. This letter A(config-if)#ip rip authentication mode md5 ciphertext authentication 3. The switch and all the segments ( ports ) of the bridge are in the same broadcast domain. PPP authentication method : 3. Routing Table => Best Route The destination hardware address of a frame, then look up the address in the filter table established by the switch, and then only send the frame to the port of the found hardware address, and the other ports cannot see the frame. Bypass relay ( bypass relay ) enables an interface of the token ring to be closed and effectively detached from the ring accounting ( statistics ) ----- AAA one of the three components. Statistics provide auditing and recording skills for security models Encapsulation frame-relay clockrate 64000 The minimum information transmission rate agreed by the Frame Relay network, measured in b/s . ------------------------------------------------- Enable password Address learning, forwarding filtering, etc. of the switch : B(config-if)#ip nat outside configure S1 interface for the outside network to specify which hosts can NAT B (config-if) #ip nat inside configured S0 interface inside the network =========================================================== ============== R14#debug isdn events R14#show isdn active VLAN; all switches in the end-to-end \VLAN understand all configured VLANs . End-to-end VLANs are configured to allow membership based on functions, projects, departments, and so on. access rate ( access speed ) ----- bandwidth rate defined circuit. For example, the access rate of the T-1 circuit is =========================================================== =============== The number of connections is reduced, thereby reducing the amount of plant routing traffic and the actual size of the database. AURP AppleTalk is based on the AppleTalk Update-based Routing Protocol, a technology for encapsulating AppleTalk traffic in the header of an external protocol. Communication between two ATM service users ( such as ATMM processes ) . These communications can be one-way or two-way, using one or two VCCs , respectively . See ATM layer and ATMM . =========================================================== =============== Other bridges operate the same spanning tree algorithm, but allow packet encapsulation to be transmitted over a Frame Relay network. Show ip ospf neighbor to view neighbors (NeighborID is RouterID) B(config)#access-list 1 permit any The data can exceed the bandwidth normally reserved for the connection, but cannot exceed the port rate. An example of this is a 128Kb/s Frame Relay CIR on T-1 - depending on the vendor, it is possible to send at a rate of more than 128Kb/s for a short time . Asynchronous transmission ( digital transmission ) does not have a precisely timed digital signal, usually cell payload scrambling ( cell payload scrambling ) the ATM switches and certain of the edges speed relay ------------------------------------------------ Show interfaces fastethernet 0/1 switchport analog transmission ( analog transmission ) represented by different combinations of the information signal amplitude, frequency and phase The protocol layer of the layer communication specifies an option that requires the identified data to be located faster. List Access ( access list ) to save the router a set of test conditions, which determine the various services on the network " interested The data can exceed the bandwidth normally reserved for the connection, but cannot exceed the port rate. An example of this is a 128Kb/s Frame Relay CIR on T-1 - depending on the vendor, it is possible to send at a rate of more than 128Kb/s for a short time . The distance limit of each segment of 1OBaseT is about 100 meters. See Ethernet and IEEE 802.3 . A technique that differs from ordinary TDM in that time slots are allocated when necessary rather than pre-assigned to certain transmitters. Compare FDM , statistical multiplexing, and TDM . Layer file application ( application layer ) OSI seventh layer network reference model, the OSI applications outside Model End exit port configuration device bridge priority ( bridge priority ) disposed bridge STP priority. By default all bridges take precedence Data link layer : BGP neighbors (BGP neighbor ) starts a communication process to exchange routing information dynamically two Is a point-to-multipoint connection. See control directVCC . Target port : 23 =========================================================== =============== call establishment ( call setup ) to refer to a work when the call ISDN call setup scheme. AS AS (autonomous system) a group of networks under the management of another, they share the same ADSU ATM data service unit (ATM Data Service Unit) is used by HSSI connection mechanism compatible Use the range of numbers assigned. The value of the cable range can be a sequence of one or several consecutive network numbers. Node addresses are determined by their cable range values. =========================================================== =============== Bridge ( bridge ) two devices connected to the network and transmit data packets therebetween. Both paragraphs must use the same 1Gbps 4 Owned and running network. Configuration register starts the configuration key , and modifying it will affect the startup sequence of the Router . ! Border peer ( boundary peer ) manages a peer group device that exists on the edge of a hierarchical design Serial1 is down, Line protocol is down The IP address is converted to a MAC address. See RARP . Adopt standard : DCE/DTE only exists in the WAN Packaging method. HDLC is a bit-oriented synchronous data link layer protocol created by ISO , which originated from SDLC . However, most HDLC vendor implementations ( including Cisco 's ) is patented. See SDLC . A technique for making more data. CLP cell loss priority (Cell Loss Priority) ATM channel is determined when the header message element cell network congestion Configure a static default route to indicate which interface to send to the unknown network , which interface to send the packet R14 (config) #ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 bri 0 CSMA / CD carrier with Collision Detection Sense Multiple Access (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detect ) Ethernet IEEE802.3 a technology committee defined. Every device is sending Exit application and exit the database configuration mode of the VLAN IGRP is a CISCO private routing protocol that can only be implemented and deployed on CISCO routers . Username 123 password cisco configuration user name password database , used to verify each other Router eigrp 100 Acknowledgment ( acknowledgment ) is transmitted from one network device to another network device authentication, showed a Bit ( bit, bit ) A number ; a 1 or a 0 . 8 bits make up one byte. A method of maintaining framing on an interface (T-3 or E-3 circuit ) . The cell payload scrambling code rearranges the data portion of the cell to maintain line synchronization with some common bit pattern. Frame Relay ( FR ) ----- the X.25 protocol ( a guaranteed unrelated packet relay data transmission techniques ) in a more effective alternative. Frame Relay is an industry-standard, shared, and best-effort switched data link layer package that provides multiple virtual circuits and protocols between connected mechanisms. Target : 172.16.3.1 It consists of a router or access server or several routers or access servers, using inter-access tables and other methods to ensure the security of the private network. dixed configuration router ( fixed router ) can not be used to upgrade any new interfaces of the router. A collection of self-management systems that do not rely on information received from other systems or groups. B8ZS binary 8 replacement - a line coding, explained at the far end of the connection, when transmitting eight zeros continuously on the link of the T-1 and E-1 circuits, it uses a special Code replacement. This technique guarantees that the density of 1 is not constrained by the data stream. Also known as bipolar 8 zero replacement. Compare AMI . See ones density . Experiment : 1. Transmission area ( backbone area ) 2. Common area ( non-backbone area ) Cisco features. Compare process switching . Let " . In this scheme, each T-1 uses one bit of each sixth frame on the channel to transmit monitoring signaling information. Copy running-config startup-config saves the current configuration concept : Frame-relay route 120 interface Serial0 110 AAL3/4 ATM Adaptation Layer 3/4 One of the four AALs recommended by ITU-T , supporting connection-oriented and also support =========================================================== =============== frame tagging ( frame flag ) see Frame Identification . R14(config-if)#dialer-group 9 D channel (D channel ) 1) data channel ----- a full duplex, 16Kb / S (BRA) or 64Kb / s (PRI) The destination hardware address of a frame, then look up the address in the filter table established by the switch, and then only send the frame to the port of the found hardware address, and the other ports cannot see the frame. An octet divided into four points, followed by a forward slash and the number of the masked bit ( abbreviation of the subnet symbol ) . See Telnet *.*.*.* is a telnet device . You need to set the password for line vty . If you need to enter privileged mode, you need to configure it. Ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 DCC data Country Code (Data Country Code) developed by the ATM Forum for the use of private networks Configure ACL to reject london to ping through Denver (1) NextHopIP: Next hop IP between. It is also the time it takes for a packet to travel from its source through a path to its destination. See latency . Demarc ( demarcation ) The demarcation point between the Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) and the telephone company carrier equipment. Rip : Router information protocol Configure terminal enters global configuration mode The IP address is converted to a MAC address. See RARP . Adopt standard : Copy tftp: flash: bridge. The bridge ID is a combination of bridge priority and base MAC address. Line conosle 0 to consolo 0 100BaseTX is based on the IEEE 802.3U standard, 100BaseTX is wired using two pairs of UTP or STP access method ( access method ) network devices gain network access Wan style. (Amplitude magnitude ) the maximum analog or digital waveform. The process of OSPF creating neighbors : IGRP supports equal-cost equalization load , and also supports non-equivalent equalization load . DXI data exchange interface (Data Exchange Interface) in RFC 1482 is described, DXI define a 8 bits are used to define the network, and 24 bits are used to define hosts on the network. R14(config-if)#dialer-group 9 autonomous confederation ( Autonomous Federation ) rely mainly on their own network reachability and routing information administrative distance ( management distance ) from 0 to 255 a number between, which represents one routing information 1. The content of the announcement : a copy of the routing table (copy) 2. The time of the announcement : periodicity 3. The object of the announcement : the directly connected neighbor router Beacon ( beacon ) An FBDT device or token ring frame that indicates a serious problem on the ring, such as electricity Piece address. The switch then filters the network with a known hardware address (MAC) coimnection ID ( connection ID) ----- each into the router's Telnet identifying the session analysis. Show DDP Datagram Delivery Protocol (Datagram Delivery Protocol) for the AppleTalk protocol as Group Control direct VCC . The data can exceed the bandwidth normally reserved for the connection, but cannot exceed the port rate. An example of this is a 128Kb/s Frame Relay CIR on T-1 - depending on the vendor, it is possible to send at a rate of more than 128Kb/s for a short time . Session layer : Differentiate data from different applications . The operating system works on this layer of DATA ASICs for integrated circuit applications ----- used for the first 2 layer switches filtering decision. ASIC view B (config-if) #ip nat inside configured S0 interface inside the network =========================================================== =============== Holdtime CDP (CDP hold time ) routers to keep from neighboring routers received Cisco Discovery Protocol =========================================================== =============== And channel . 1 th D portion of the channel, supports the DDR , Frame Relay, and the X.25 . Compare channelized T-1 . R14(config)#dialer-list 9 protocol ip list 1 Add the port to the specified VLAN CO central office (central office) , all circuits in a certain area are connected here, is the subscriber line IOS Cisco Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software (Cisco Internetwork Operating System software) ----- as CiscoFusion provide the functionality shared by all products in the off-line configuration, scalability and security of Cisco core routers and switches series. See CiscoFusion . Change information, a spanning tree protocol that sends initialization packets at definable intervals. bridge group ( bridging group ) in a bridge configuration of the router, bridge group number determined by a unique Dynamic routing ( dynamic routing ) network revision. Also known as " adaptive routing " , this technology is self- Sended and is not reliable. Compare connection-oriented . See virtual circuit . R6(config)#interface ethernet 0 NextHopIP: Next hop IP Core layer : faster transfer rate , will not make any operations on the data packets The other party does not have no shutdown to activate the port. Data Link layer ( data link layer ) the OSI of the reference model 2 layer which ensures that data across the physical link Network connection. 10.1.1.1/0.0.0.0 Network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.3 RA: Rip : Router information protocol Dynamic control of the measure, ACR varies between minimum cell rate (MCR) and peak cell rate (PCR) . See Extended Setup ( extended set ) used in the setting mode to configure the router, it is more than the basic setting mode The root port does not participate in the competition of the specified port. 2) Usually all the interfaces of the root bridge are designated ports. If the neighbor and passive-interface are configured at the same time , then the neighbor will not be restricted by the passive-interface . bridge group ( bridging group ) in a bridge configuration of the router, bridge group number determined by a unique Access-list 100 deny ICMP host 10.3.3.1 host 172.16.3.1 destination address ( destination address ) receiving a data packet network device address. =========================================================== =============== DSR modem is ready (Data Set Ready) ----- When the DCE energized and ready to run, this Ethernet cable type for switch or switch to hub. broadcast address ( broadcast address ) used in addressing hardware and logical addressing. In logical addressing, the host Configure ACL to reject london to access Denver =========================================================== =============== B(config)#inte s 1 Link Access ( access link ) ----- one kind of switches used in the link, virtual VAN (VLAN) portion thereof. The trunk link transfers information from multiple VLANs . The basis of word expression. UDP ( User Message Protocol ), no connection , no retransmission mechanism , unreliable transmission The power is erased and reprogrammed. Play EPROM and PROM . 1. Neighbor table => all neighbors When the destination address is unknown , the switch will flood the data frame ( the target address is known , the frame will not be flooded ) ! =========================================================== =============== Exchange routing information between systems. Nvram: non-volatile memory , power-off information will not be lost <-- user configuration <-- startup-config ram: random access memory , power-off information is lost <-- currently effective configuration <-- running-config =========================================================== =============== The three-tier architecture of the network : Cheng. The client's local broadcast request is changed by unicasting the service to the server.failure domain ( fault domain ) ----- area of the failed token ring. When a station gets a serious fault ( such as a cable disconnection on the network ) , it sends a beacon frame that includes the fault reported by the station, its NAUN, and everything in between. This defines the fault domain. The beacon then begins the so-called automatic configuration process. See autore buffer ( Buffer ) designed to store data processed in the transmission. Buffer for receiving / storage DCE data communication device ( by JIA defined ) or a data circuit-terminating equipment ( according to ITU-T defined ) constituted by 100BaseTX is based on the IEEE 802.3U standard, 100BaseTX is wired using two pairs of UTP or STP eBGP External Border Gateway Protocol (External Border Gateway Protocol) is used in different autonomous Exit application and exit the database configuration mode of the VLAN Network connection. Encapsulate the packet and prepare the data for transmission on the network medium. enable secret provided in the ciphertext enable password ( in preference to the use plaintext ) service password-encryption of all encryption system cleartext password ( weak ) BPDU: Bridge Protocol Data Unit Bridge Protocol Data Unit bridge identifier ( bridge identifiers ) for the first 2 discovery layer switched internetwork and network selection root Access-list 100 deny ICMP host 10.3.3.1 host 172.16.3.1 Enable password Set the plaintext enable password =========================================================== =================== Segment, even the port field in the transport layer header filters the IP address table of the network Frame-relay interface-dlci ??? Assign a specific PVC to this subinterface . ??? is the PVC number . accounting ( statistics ) ----- AAA one of the three components. Statistics provide auditing and recording skills for security models interface fastethernet 0/1 enter fa0 / 1 interface =========================================================== =============== ACL two actions : Access layer : Provides network access points , and the corresponding device ports are relatively dense . Main devices : switches , hubs . A series of actions performed immediately to determine if a connection request violates the QoS guarantee for establishing a connection . The CAC is also used to transmit connection requests over an ATM network. WAN type and encapsulation protocol : Switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q need to choose which way [dot1q|isl] switchport mode trunk change interface mode to trunk work mode show interface trunk view current switch TRUNK configuration The metric is 32 bits long, the K values ​​are not equal , and the neighbor relationship cannot be created. The AS autonomous system is different , and the neighbor relationship cannot be created. At a rate higher than T1 , hello packet is sent every 5 seconds , at a rate lower than T1 . On , will send hello every 60s Target : 172.16.3.1 Virtual Control Connection (VCC) is one of three data connections defined by Phase 1 LAN emulation. Because the data is direct Interface Serial1 no ip address The signal has been established. Cable Crossover ( crossover cable ) is connected to the switch switches, host-to-host, hub to hub Change type. Sometimes called modified cut-through . + returns directly to privileged mode The data can exceed the bandwidth normally reserved for the connection, but cannot exceed the port rate. An example of this is a 128Kb/s Frame Relay CIR on T-1 - depending on the vendor, it is possible to send at a rate of more than 128Kb/s for a short time . =========================================================== =============== ( ++<6> ) + x address resolution ( ARP ) to resolve the differences between computer addressing scheme of the process. Address resolution Source : 10.3.3.1 Beacon ( beacon ) An FBDT device or token ring frame that indicates a serious problem on the ring, such as electricity Copy tftp: startup-config copy flash: tftp: It is responsible for transmitting frames. Compared to byte-oriented protocols, bit-oriented protocols are more efficient and reliable full-duplex operation. Compare byte-oriented protocol . Show ip route The bit set in the frame when the frame relay network encounters a congestion path. Receiving a DTE with a BECN frame can require the advanced protocol to take the necessary flow control measures. Compare FECN . =========================================================== =============== Fallback (in the fall ) ATM network, this mechanism is used to get a path, if it can not use the regular side Dynamic routing ( dynamic routing ) network revision. Also known as " adaptive routing " , this technology is self- Endpoint ATM (ATM endpoint ) beginning or end of an ATM network is connected. ATM endpoints include The name of the Cisco Fusion Cisco Internetwork architecture on which Cisco IOS completes operations. design Righteousness. Network traffic is bridged across all interfaces of the same bridge group number. The process of segmenting a packet into small pieces. filtering ( Filter ) The following table provides security on the network by between visits. Please refer to the third part of the CCNA Professional English Vocabulary Collection : Classic Recommendations ; CCNA Professional English Vocabulary Collection Flash ( flash )----- Electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM) . Used by default to save CiscoIOS on the router . (PDU) Add header information. For example, in Internet terminology. A packet should contain a physical layer header followed by a network layer (IP) header followed by a transport layer header (TCP) followed by application protocol data. failure domain ( fault domain ) ----- area of the failed token ring. When a station gets a serious fault ( such as a cable disconnection on the network ) , it sends a beacon frame that includes the fault reported by the station, its NAUN, and everything in between. This defines the fault domain. The beacon then begins the so-called automatic configuration process. See autore UTR Data Terminal Ready (Data Terminal Ready) ----- an activated with DCE communication Aggregation layer : the convergence layer of the access point , can provide routing decisions . Realize the safety filter , the flow control . Remote access . The main device : router . CISCO router , the serial interface defaults cisco HDLC encapsulation in practical applications , Cisco HDLC incompatible standard hdlc. Typically specified by the network administrator and used by routing protocols to compare different routes through an internetwork. The routing protocol uses the cost value to select the best path to a destination : the lowest cost identification best path. See routing metnC . Three types of NAT : The requested VCC determines the likelihood of a path containing the appropriate bandwidth. End exit port configuration device ATP AppleTalk transaction protocol (AppleTalk Transaction Protocol) a transport layer protocol, Show cdp neighbors detail View CDP neighbors ( including Layer 3 IP addresses ) show cdp entry * View CDP neighbors ( including Layer 3 IP addresses ) Extended IPX accesslist ( extended IPX access table ) through logical IPX address, network layer header Endpoint ATM (ATM endpoint ) beginning or end of an ATM network is connected. ATM endpoints include The requested VCC determines the likelihood of a path containing the appropriate bandwidth. Access-list 100 deny ICMP host 10.3.3.1 host 172.16.3.1 In the network, the link access protocol formed on the standard Ethernet data link layer. Encapsulation frame-relay clockrate 64000 (DCE) , consisting of a modem. See DCE . Negotiation. Congestion ( congestion ) exceeds the amount of network traffic handling capacity. The defined length includes a 5- byte header and a 48- byte payload that identify the stream of the cell . See Each network elects a root bridge BridgeID Lowest Bit rate time sensitive services such as simultaneous traffic and uncompressed video. Playing AAL Numbered recommended standards in ISDN , SMDS, and BISDN . 2) A flag for the field in the ATM address containing the E.164 format number . ! 1.Down 2.Init 3.Two-Way 4.ExStart AARPprobepackets (AARP probe packets ) AARP packets sent, for determining a non-extended DNS is associated. See DNS . Ripv2 is a multicast method to advertise the network , multicast address : 224.0.0.9 router rip ! Source : 10.3.3.1 Node group. A direct broadcast is indicated by its broadcast address, which is a destination subnet address where all bits are one . Routers in the same autonomous system are able to learn to advertise related routes to each other . Access-list 100 permit IP any any A & B bit signaling (A and B signaling bits ) for T-1 transmission device, sometimes referred to as " the first 24 channel signals ARA AppleTalk Remote Access (AppleTalk Remote Access) is built for Macintosh users ! Terminal history size <0-256> set command buffer size 0: means no cache First, a one-way virtual control connection (VCC) established by a LES to an LEC in the ATM . Usually, the VCC Baud ( baud ) ----- bits per second (b / s) synonymous, if each cell represents one bit of the signal words. It is a unit of signaling speed equivalent to the number of individual signal units transmitted per second. boot sequence ( leader sequence ) define how routers boot. The configuration register tells the router where to go from Interface fastethernet 0/1 enters Fast Ethernet 0/1 interface Link state type routing protocol: B(config)#inte s 1 CHAP: Challenge three-way handshake , the password is transmitted by HASH algorithm , which is stronger than PAP. CRC cyclic redundancy check : A method of detecting errors in which a frame receiver uses a binary divider to divide the frame content for a calculation and store the remainder with the transmitting node in the frame. Value comparison. Compare checksum . explorer frame ( detection frame ) and the source-route bridging found to serve to bridge before a remote transmission CIR committed information rate (cormmitted imformation rate) is averaged over a minimum time range, C: 192.168.0.0/24 -- 192.168.255.0/24 A series of actions performed immediately to determine if a connection request violates the QoS guarantee for establishing a connection . The CAC is also used to transmit connection requests over an ATM network. =========================================================== =============== Provide sufficient management and configuration to get the router working so that someone can remotely log in to the router and configure it. interface fastehternet 0/1 enter fa0 / 1 interface cell payload scrambling ( cell payload scrambling ) the ATM switches and certain of the edges speed relay Show ip route to view the current routing table to configure static routes : It enables two socket (Socket) can be reliably performed between transactions, wherein a request for another execution of a given task and to report the results. ATP grabs both the request and the response, ensuring that the request - response is exchanged without loss. In attenuation ( attenuation ) communication, the weakening or loss of signal energy, usually caused by distance. DCC data Country Code (Data Country Code) developed by the ATM Forum for the use of private networks 1. Content of the announcement : Incremental update (OSPF lsa) 2. Announcement time : Trigger 3. Announced object : Router with neighbor relationship bridge priority ( bridge priority ) disposed bridge STP priority. By default all bridges take precedence Create a VLAN " The main explanation is F , G , H vocabulary beginning. This interface of the 7000 Series router minimizes the performance bottleneck of the UNI . Participate in AAL3/4 private AAL5 . 100BaseTX is based on the IEEE 802.3U standard, 100BaseTX is wired using two pairs of UTP or STP The rated throughput of a network protocol or medium. Devices that set frames can require higher priority protocols to take flow control if necessary. See BECN . Clear line XXX clear line Session layer : Differentiate data from different applications . The operating system works on this layer of DATA Network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 OSPF . Banner motd [char c] also ends with [char c] another line BGP speaker (BGP speakers ) advertises its routing prefix or router. ACL for packet processing : The VBR service delivers classic IP over ATM and LANE traffic. This AAL 's simplest recommendation uses SEAL , which provides lower bandwidth overhead and simpler processing requirements, but also provides reduced bandwidth and error resilience. See AAL First, a one-way virtual control connection (VCC) established by a LES to an LEC in the ATM . Usually, the VCC . 1 T-chanelined ( channel of the channel T-1) operate in 1.544Mb / s one access link is 23 is th B channels Line : PPP, HDLC, SLIP Line conosle 0 to consolo 0 FRAS FR access support (Frame Relay Access Support) ----- Cisco IOS a characteristic of the software, which allows the SDLC , Ethernet, Token Ring and Frame Relay connections IBM upper frame relay network equipment can Other DXI data exchange interface (Data Exchange Interface) in RFC 1482 is described, DXI define a An incident has occurred. Can be abbreviated as ACK . Control NAK . AARP AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol This protocol in the AppleTalk stack maps the data link address Crossover : switches and switches , switches and HUB connections Network layer : routing ( path selection ), logical address (IP) Packet B (config-if) #ip nat inside configured S0 interface inside the network Session layer : Differentiate data from different applications . The operating system works on this layer of DATA The process of outputting a single stream. See multiplexing . Modem and terminal. filtering ( Filter ) The following table provides security on the network by between visits. Command Global ( global command ) is used to define the command Cisco terminology, which are used to change the entire router that configuration. In contrast, interface commands only affect that interface. It can be provided by a secondary router added to a remote network. CSU channel service unit (channel service unit) connecting end-user equipment to a local digital telephone explorer packet ( probes ) of a transmission source of the token ring devices SNA packet for a source found Physical layer : rate , voltage , pin interface type Bit call establishment ( call setup ) to refer to a work when the call ISDN call setup scheme. IGRP uses a 24-bit metric . The reservoir, which can be electrically erased and reprogrammed, is physically located on the EEPROM chip. Flash memory allows software images to be stored, booted, and rewritten as necessary. By default, Cisco routers and switches use flash to save IOS . See EPROM and EEPROM . Information can be used to determine if the network has recently caused a change in the problem. The proposed circuit link. The full network type provides a large amount of redundancy, and because of its high cost, it is generally reserved as a network backbone. See AARPprobepackets (AARP probe packets ) AARP packets sent, for determining a non-extended =========================================================== =============== Reliable transmission mainly involves physical addressing, line procedures, network topology, error notification, orderly delivery of frames, and flow control. The IEEE has further split this layer into a MAC sublayer and an LLC sublayer. Also known as the link layer. Can be compared to the data link control layer of the SNA model. See Application layer , LLC , MAC , Network layer , Physical =========================================================== =============== Which contains: BridgeID = Bridge Priority + MAC address 1. Control network traffic 2. Implement packet filtering Specify the idle IP of the address pool switchport mode trunk change the interface mode to trunk mode of operation in 3550 to create an 802.1Q trunk road boot sequence ( leader sequence ) define how routers boot. The configuration register tells the router where to go from helper address ( help address ) specified unicast address,cisco ccie security v5 books, which directs Cisco router into direct Source : 10.3.3.1 Hide : access-list 1 deny any B(config)#inte s 1 Floating routes ( floating routers ) are used along with dynamic routing to provide backup routes to prevent failure. IGRP is a CISCO private routing protocol that can only be implemented and deployed on CISCO routers . Collision ( conflict ) Ethernet two nodes simultaneously transmit the result of the transmission. When they are on physical media bursting ( burst ) Some technologies ( including ATM and FR ) are considered to be unexpected. This means the user =========================================================== =============== =========================================================== =========== The number of connections is reduced, thereby reducing the amount of plant routing traffic and the actual size of the database. Router), also known as boot mode , can be used for IOS upgrades. VLAN . The frame flag does this. The switch can then command the frame to the appropriate port. ELAP EtherTalk Link Access Protocol (EtherTralk Link Access Protocol) on EtherTalk Network A(config-keychain)#key 1Configure key 1 A(config-keychain-key)#key-string cisco define password A(config-keychain-key)#exit VTP Vlan Trunk Protocol CO central office (central office) , all circuits in a certain area are connected here, is the subscriber line Frame-relay lmi-type ansi frame-relay intf-type dce Area ( Area -----) rather than physical segment of a set of logical ( based CLNS , DECnet , or OSPF) and their attached devices. Areas typically use routers to connect to other areas to create an autonomous system. See autonomous system . (Amplitude magnitude ) the maximum analog or digital waveform. explorer frame ( detection frame ) and the source-route bridging found to serve to bridge before a remote transmission B(config)#access-list 1 permit any Packet Exchange : X.25, Frame-Relay, ATM Encapsulate the packet and prepare the data for transmission on the network medium. The route to the network. Ppp chap hostname abc sends local username in CHAP mode 1.Down 2.Init 3.Two-Way 4.ExStart =========================================================== =============== OSPF uses IP packets for route advertisement and learning , Protocol Number : 89 Disable returns from privileged mode to user mode B#show ip nat translations view translation relationship table EIGRP and OSPF . 1. Router 2. Routing implementation path selection ( routing decision ). Routing Table 3. WAN access . 4. Router broadcast domain division ( interruption ). Ethernet cable type for switch or switch to hub. The header information is removed from the (PDU) . See encapsulatio . Datagram ( datagram ) as a network layer unit without the need to pre-establish virtual circuits and transmit them on the medium call priority ( call priority ) circuit switched system, the originating port to the priority of each definition, it Please refer to the third part of the CCNA Professional English Vocabulary Collection : Classic Recommendations ; CCNA Professional English Vocabulary Collection Copy tftp: flash: Virtual circuits in the network. Partial mesh Network connection. edge. When any member of the peer group wants to find a resource, it sends a probe to the border peer. The border peer then forwards the request on behalf of the requesting router, thus eliminating duplicate traffic. 1.544Mb/s . In Frame Relay and other technologies, it can be a partial T-1 connection ( for example, 256kb/s) , but the access rate and clock rate are still I.544Mb/S. cut-through frame switching ( straight-frame exchange ) A frame of data flowing through the switch switching technology =========================================================== =============== helper address ( help address ) specified unicast address, which directs Cisco router into direct Show sessions to view " I " telnet outgoing sessions CD carrier detection (cairierdetect) indicates that an interface has been activated or a modem-generated connection boot sequence ( leader sequence ) define how routers boot. The configuration register tells the router where to go from Vlan database enters the VLAN configuration mode of the VLAN connection-oriented ( connection-oriented ) to establish a virtual circuit data before any data transmission Baud ( baud ) ----- bits per second (b / s) synonymous, if each cell represents one bit of the signal words. It is a unit of signaling speed equivalent to the number of individual signal units transmitted per second. CLR cell loss ratio (Cell Loss Ratio) ----- ATM ratio of discarded cells and cell successfully transmitted. When establishing a connection, the CLR can be specified as a QoS parameter. Fast Ethernet ( Fast Ethernet ) ---- speed lOOMb / s Ethernet specification. Fast Ethernet ratio Layer Access ( Access Stratum ) ----- the Cisco three-layer hierarchical model. The access layer allows users to access the Internet. Crossover : switches and switches , switches and HUB connections Baud ( baud ) ----- bits per second (b / s) synonymous, if each cell represents one bit of the signal words. It is a unit of signaling speed equivalent to the number of individual signal units transmitted per second. End exit port configuration device Configure ACL to reject london to ping through Denver (1) QoS class. CBR is used to rely on accurate clocks to ensure reliable transmission connections. Compare ABR and VBR . end-to-end VLANs ( end the VLAN) ----- across the switch fabric (switch-fabric) from end to end Show sessions to view " I " telnet outgoing sessions 1. Static NAT 2. Dynamic NAT 3. PAT The data can exceed the bandwidth normally reserved for the connection, but cannot exceed the port rate. An example of this is a 128Kb/s Frame Relay CIR on T-1 - depending on the vendor, it is possible to send at a rate of more than 128Kb/s for a short time . =========================================================== =============== Set when to dial R14 (config) #access-list 1 permit any A random value selected by the BGP router when sending an OPEN message. BPDU Bridge Protocol Data Unit (Bridge Protocol DataUnit) between the cross-bridges in the network There are two types of ACLs : Ip route 4.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 2.0.0.2 Address mapping . Enable enter privileged mode A non-distributed backbone. A folded backbone can be a virtual network segment that works in a device such as a router, hub, or switch. bridge. The bridge ID is a combination of bridge priority and base MAC address. The switch will first cache the frame source address. =========================================================== =============== A random value selected by the BGP router when sending an OPEN message. Please refer to the fourth part of the CCNA Professional English Vocabulary Collection : Classic Recommendations ; CCNA Professional English Vocabulary Collection Exchange routing information. Using PPP encapsulation and support on the wire, it is a security feature that identifies the remote end and helps prevent unauthorized users. After the CHAP is executed, the router or the pick-up server determines whether a given user is allowed to access. It is a new, more secure protocol than PAP . Compare PAP . Frame-relay map ip 10.1.1.2 110 broadcast for manual static mapping A remote AppleTalk location access protocol for resources and data. The basis of word expression. R6(config)#interface ethernet 0 =========================================================== =================== Servers, workstations, ATM- to- LAN switches, and ATM routers. Show frame-relay lmi show frame-relay pvc show frame-relay map Spanning trees can avoid loop problems caused by redundancy . Solve the problem : put redundant ports into blocking state . Interfaces in blocking state will not receive / send user data . IGRP is a CISCO private routing protocol that can only be implemented and deployed on CISCO routers . cut-through frame switching ( straight-frame exchange ) A frame of data flowing through the switch switching technology Rip management distance : 120 A working node gets information about the attached network. This information is then used by the interface for its own configuration. IGRP is a CISCO private routing protocol that can only be implemented and deployed on CISCO routers . Bypass mode ( bypass mode ) removes FDDI and Token Ring network operations for an interface . Directed broadcast (a direct broadcast ) a data frame or packet is transmitted to a remote network segment specific Link State Routing Protocols bridging loop ( bridging loops ) bridged network, to a network if there is more than one link and STP IGRP is a CISCO private routing protocol that can only be implemented and deployed on CISCO routers . explorer frame ( detection frame ) and the source-route bridging found to serve to bridge before a remote transmission DSAP destination point energize business (Destination Service Access Point) a network node of business Area ( Area -----) rather than physical segment of a set of logical ( based CLNS , DECnet , or OSPF) and their attached devices. Areas typically use routers to connect to other areas to create an autonomous system. See autonomous system . Three types of NAT : Protocol, which holds a wide range of file types and is defined in RFC 959 , see TFTP . DVMRP distance between the amount of multicast routing protocol (Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) is mainly based on Routing Information Protocol (the RTP) , the Internet gateway protocol a common, strong =========================================================== =============== BPDU: Bridge Protocol Data Unit Bridge Protocol Data Unit 10OMb/S baseband Fast Ethernet specification. The first pair of lines receives data ; the second pair of lines sends data. To ensure proper signal timing, a 100BaseTX segment cannot exceed 100 meters. Enable enter privileged mode Ip add 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 =========================================================== =============== ANSI is a member of the IEC and ISO . CCNA classroom streamlined notes ------------------------------------------------ interface fastethernet 0/1 enter fa0 / 1 interface Username 123 password cisco configuration user name password database , used to verify each other Other bridges operate the same spanning tree algorithm, but allow packet encapsulation to be transmitted over a Frame Relay network. Show sessions show the current outgoing TELNET session =========================================================== =============== A superset of the BootP protocol. This means it uses the same protocol structure as BootP , but it adds enhancements. This protocol uses the server to dynamically configure the client when requested by the client. The two main enhancements are the address pool and lease time. B8ZS binary 8 replacement - a line coding, explained at the far end of the connection, when transmitting eight zeros continuously on the link of the T-1 and E-1 circuits, it uses a special Code replacement. This technique guarantees that the density of 1 is not constrained by the data stream. Also known as bipolar 8 zero replacement. Compare AMI . See ones density . Control direct VCC . convergence ( convergence ) Internet in all routers update their routing tables and create a consistent GNS the nearest server (Get Nearest Server): in the IPX network, to determine a customer a request of a given type of packet location nearest transmitted activation server. An IPX network client issues a GNS request to obtain a response from a connected server or a response from a router that discloses the location of the server on the internet. GNS is part of IPX and SAP . See IPX and SAP . The name-to- IP address resolution is provided on the special network . An example of an FQDN is bob.acme.com . FragmentFree ( no fragmentation ) reads in the data portion of a frame to ensure that there is no fragmentation of the LAN intersection The EIA/TIA-232 interface circuit is also busy. FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) ANSIX3T9.5 defined The EIA/TIA-232 interface circuit is also busy. AIP ATM Interface Processor (ATM Interface Processor) ----- supports AAL3 / 4 and AAL5. Cisco CLR cell loss ratio (Cell Loss Ratio) ----- ATM ratio of discarded cells and cell successfully transmitted. When establishing a connection, the CLR can be specified as a QoS parameter. Passive-interface configures the corresponding interface to not send any notifications First, a one-way virtual control connection (VCC) established by a LES to an LEC in the ATM . Usually, the VCC A technique that allows for more data. show flash: view flash in the IOS file VTP is the use multicasting to advertise, VTP will intervals . 5 minutes announcement once , even if there is no change .VTP switch synchronized the last configuration . Command Global ( global command ) is used to define the command Cisco terminology, which are used to change the entire router that configuration. In contrast, interface commands only affect that interface. The client's local broadcast request is changed by unicasting the service to the server.Enable HDLC on the interface : interface serial 0 encapsulation HDLC the Authorization ( authorization ) based on the AAA model of identity to allow access to a resource behavior verification. Security : Communication with different VLANs Fast switching ( fast switching ) that utilizes a route cache to speed up packet switching through a router Cisco features. Compare process switching . Address mapping ( address mapping ) by converting a network address from one format to another, this When the destination address is unknown , the switch will flood the data frame ( the target address is known , the frame will not be flooded ) Configuring ACL allows london to telnet to Denver (2) ARM asynchronous response mode (Asynchronous Response Mode) uses a master station and at least one auxiliary distribution layer ( distribution layer ) the Cisco intermediate three layer hierarchical model, which contribute to the design, installation and maintenance AAL5 ATM Adaptation Layer 5 One of the four AALs recommended by ITU-T , mainly used to support inter-face connection This interface of the 7000 Series router minimizes the performance bottleneck of the UNI . Participate in AAL3/4 private AAL5 . And track . 1 th D channels ( each 64Kb / s) a part in which a single channel or channel group are connected to different destinations, supports the DDR , Frame Relay, and the X.25 . Compare channelized E-1 . 1 1 2 1 2 1 =========================================================== =============== extended IP accesslist ( extended IP access list ) by logical address, the network layer protocol header word 5.ExChange 6.Loading 7.Full Basic FRAME-RELAY configuration ARM asynchronous response mode (Asynchronous Response Mode) uses a master station and at least one auxiliary The path is activated on an analog modem. If the neighbor and passive-interface are configured at the same time , then the neighbor will not be restricted by the passive-interface . data circuit-terminating equipment ( data circuit terminating equipment ) the DCE is used between DTE equipment The quantity manages a QoS parameter specified when the connection is established . In CBR transmission, the degree of allowable fluctuation of data sampling by PCR is determined by the CDVT . See CBR and PCR . Spanning-tree vlan 1 priority