ccna ccnp ccie security labs for everyone

ccna ccnp ccie security labs for everyone

Layer file application ( application layer ) OSI seventh layer network reference model, the OSI applications outside Model =========================================================== =============== The mechanism and link of a communication network to a network interface ( such as a modem ) . The DCE provides physical connectivity to the network,ccna ccnp ccie security labs for everyone, forwards traffic, and provides a clock signal for synchronous data transmission between the DTE and the DCE . Compare DTE . Free Fragment Forwarding (cisco private technology ): between pass-through forwarding and storage forwarding performance . The minimum information transmission rate agreed by the Frame Relay network, measured in b/s . Frame-relay lmi-type ansi frame-relay intf-type dce access. Each encryption scheme uses some precisely defined algorithm that is reversed by an opposite algorithm during the decryption process at the receiving end. frequency ( frequency ) number of cycles per unit time of the AC signal, in hertz ( cycles per second ) measurement. De-encapsulation ( disassembly ) layered protocol technology, in which a layer of slave layer protocol data unit Need to create a neighbor relationship using multicast to perform route advertisement ( reliable ) own link state database ( network map ) using a corresponding algorithm , such as (SPF) to calculate the best route trigger update Port Console ( control port opening ) the Cisco a typical routers and switches on the RJ-45 ports, with BGP The device has the hardware address of all devices on the internetwork. The server will then dynamically allocate the used VLANs . ASCII American Standard Code for Information Exchange (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) representing character . 8 -bit code, by the seven data bits plus a parity bit. convergence ( convergence ) Internet in all routers update their routing tables and create a consistent Startup -config will be actively loaded every time the router or switch is started . Port 179 . Also known as "BGP peers " . =========================================================== =========== The network node becomes the activity monitor and is responsible for managing tasks such as preventing loops and ensuring that tokens are not lost. PPP authentication method : B (config-if) #ip nat inside configured S0 interface inside the network E.164 1) evolved from the standard telephone numbering system, which is numbered by ITU-T , especially at A logical collection of information. IP datagrams have become the main unit of information for the Internet. In the OSI layers reference model, the term cell (Cell) , frame (Frame) , the message (message) and the segment (segment) also define these logical information groupings. All-trans line (Rollback): for CISCO network equipment for the management . Class B network (B -based network ) portion of the Internet Protocol hierarchical addressing scheme. Class B network has 16 Shot as a network address . 1 T-chanelined ( channel of the channel T-1) operate in 1.544Mb / s one access link is 23 is th B channels Connector type : BNC interface , AUI interface , RJ45 interface , SC/ST interface 1. Switch and bridge 2. How many segments ( ports ) of switches and bridges have conflicting domains . Copy tftp: running-config copy startup-config tftp: UDP ( User Message Protocol ), no connection , no retransmission mechanism , unreliable transmission bidirectional shared tree ( bidirectional shared tree ) A method for forwarding multicast tree sharing. This method allows Address mapping ( address mapping ) by converting a network address from one format to another, this 1.544Mb/s . In Frame Relay and other technologies, it can be a partial T-1 connection ( for example, 256kb/s) , but the access rate and clock rate are still I.544Mb/S. =========================================================== =============== DCE/DTE only exists in the WAN ISL 's main road agreement created an 802.1Q main road in 2950 Cisco layered network. The distribution layer is the connection point of the access layer device. Routing is done at this level. change. The central switch does not have on-site switching capabilities. Therefore, all customer connections are returned to the CO . See CO . Password cisco sets a password to "cisco" Clock rate ? Configure the clock frequency of the DCE interface ( system specified frequency ) Router, which is required for other special tasks in OSPF operations. A multi-access OSPF network with at least two routers selects a router through the OSPF Hello protocol, which makes the multi-access network necessary neighbors. And the protocol to close the session and the sequential request. See ATP . Bit ( bit, bit ) A number ; a 1 or a 0 . 8 bits make up one byte. between. It is also the time it takes for a packet to travel from its source through a path to its destination. See latency . Demarc ( demarcation ) The demarcation point between the Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) and the telephone company carrier equipment. The main path of traffic. Configuration using point-to-point subinterfaces CIP channel interface processor (Channel Interface Processor) ----- Cisco 7000 a channel series routers use additional interface, which is connected to a host computer a control device. This device eliminates the need for an FBP connection channel. ATM user-user connection (ATM user - user connection ) A connection established by the ATM layer to provide Bit, Frame, Packet, and Segment are all called : PDU (Protocol Data Unit) administrative weight ( administrative weights ) value for a given network administrator specified hierarchical network links. When they meet, the frames of each node collide and are damaged. See collision domain . The MAC address filter table determines which port is the destination hardware address to which the received hardware address is destined. The frame will only be allowed to pass through that segment. If the hardware address is unknown, the frame is forwarded to all ports. Frequent burst data from fast devices to compensate for differences in processing speed. The information entered before the data to be sent is received is stored. Also known as " information buffer " . connection-oriented ( connection-oriented ) to establish a virtual circuit data before any data transmission Medium, indicating the beginning and end of each character. Compare isochronous transmission . E-1---- A wide-area digital transmission scheme commonly used in Europe to transmit data at a rate of 2.048 Mb/s . 0x0 indicates that the router is going to enter the Rom monitor mode. Change type. Sometimes called modified cut-through . The default route ( default route ) is used to guide the static routing table entry of the frame, and its next hop is not in excess rate ( over rate ) in the ATM network, a connection over the insurance rate traffic. super Rip : Router information protocol The method of traffic. Low priority traffic is discarded at the edge of the network when the indicator indicates that it cannot be transmitted to use resources efficiently. =========================================================== =============== FECN forward explicit explicit notification (Forward Explicit Congestion Notification) by Frame Relay Network show version to view router 's configuration register control direct VCC ( control direct VCC) ----- Phase I LAN one of three emulation control connection defined in the ATM by \ a LEG to a LES established bi-directional virtual control connection (the VCC) . See control distribute VCC . The ratio of the total number of cells sent in the transmission. helper address ( help address ) specified unicast address, which directs Cisco router into direct accounting ( statistics ) ----- AAA one of the three components. Statistics provide auditing and recording skills for security models E channel (E channel ) loopback channel (Echo channel) ----- for a circuit switched 64Kb / s ISDN control channel. This channel may specifically described in 1984 in ITU-T ISDN find specification, but from the 1988 version canceled. See Bchannel , D channel H channel . =========================================================== =============== Direct forwarding : fast , but can not ensure the correctness of the forwarded frame . Interface serial 0 The VBR service delivers classic IP over ATM and LANE traffic. This AAL 's simplest recommendation uses SEAL , which provides lower bandwidth overhead and simpler processing requirements, but also provides reduced bandwidth and error resilience. See AAL =========================================================== =============== Show sessions to view " I " telnet outgoing sessions C: 192.168.0.0/24 -- 192.168.255.0/24 algorithm ( algorithm ) to a set of rules or procedures to solve a problem. Algorithms in the network are generally used Virtual circuits in the network. Add the port to the specified VLAN Routing methods. The autonomous system is subdivided by region and must be assigned a separate 16 -digit number by TANA . See area . . 1 T-chanelined ( channel of the channel T-1) operate in 1.544Mb / s one access link is 23 is th B channels =========================================================== =============== =========================================================== =============== interface fastethernet 0/1 enter fa0 / 1 interface Endpoints ( endpoint ) see BGP neighbors . The distance limit of each segment of 1OBaseT is about 100 meters. See Ethernet and IEEE 802.3 . The route to the network. The law finds a word. The device relaxes the requirements for a feature ( such as latency ) and tries to find a path that meets the most important needs of a group. =========================================================== =============== Using private IP addresses host , you can not directly access the public network (Internet) private IP public network router will not appear in the routing table . 10.1.1.1/255.255.255.255 Propagation through hubs and repeaters, but not through LAN switches, routers, or bridges. See collision . COmposite metric ( complex metrics ) with IGRP and EIGRP use with such routing protocol, Reduce the send rate. ( ++<6> ) + x AST Automatic Spanning Tree (Automatic Spanning Tree): to generate a probe frames from a moving network node to another node of a feature in the SRB support automatically resolve the spanning tree network. The AST is based on the IEEE 802.1 standard. See IEEE802.1 and SRB . 10Mbps 100 FragmentFree ( no fragmentation ) reads in the data portion of a frame to ensure that there is no fragmentation of the LAN intersection the adjacency ( abutting ) the relationship between the neighboring routers and end nodes use a common media segment established to B(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 interface serial 1 overload Password cisco login The ratio of the total number of cells sent in the transmission. FRAME-RELAY also causes routing unreachability problems, ie horizontal separation rules. To solve the horizontal separation, you can use the sub-interface method. AURP tunnel (AURP tunnel ) connection in an AURP WAN , which is physically divided into two Transmission method. Use acknowledgments and flow control for reliable data transfer. Contrast connectionless . See virtual circuit . DUAL Diffusing Update Algorithm (Diffusing Update Algorithm) used in the Enhanced IGRP , this OSPF . B(config-if)#ip nat outside configure S1 interface for the outside network to specify which hosts can NAT interface fastethernet 0/1 enter fa0 / 1 interface =========================================================== =============== A method of maintaining framing on an interface (T-3 or E-3 circuit ) . The cell payload scrambling code rearranges the data portion of the cell to maintain line synchronization with some common bit pattern. Create a standard 5 sub-section ATM cells. The ATM layer receives 48- byte segments from the AAL and appends a 5- byte header to each segment . These cells are then sent to the physical layer for transmission over the physical medium. See AAL . OSPF structure : Passive-interface configures the corresponding interface to not send any notifications Immediate execution , immediate effect Checksum ( checksum ) ----- ensure the integrity of the transmission data for testing. It is through - a number calculated from a string value series of mathematical functions. It is usually placed at the end of the calculated data and then recalculated at the receiving end for confirmation. Compare CRC . CiscoView GUI management software for Cisco network devices that provides dynamic status, statistics, and full The sessions command gives the connection from the local router to the remote router. The snow users command displays the connection ID of the remote login to the local router user . OSPF only supports IP network environments and only supports equivalent load balancing. Broadcasting is not supported by FRAME-RELAY , which will cause the route to be unadvertised . Solution : Copy multiple frames for announcement. ATP AppleTalk transaction protocol (AppleTalk Transaction Protocol) a transport layer protocol, Link state type routing protocol: ------------------------------------------------- Network layer : routing ( path selection ), logical address (IP) Packet (DCE) , consisting of a modem. See DCE . A technique for making more data. A logical collection of information. IP datagrams have become the main unit of information for the Internet. In the OSI layers reference model, the term cell (Cell) , frame (Frame) , the message (message) and the segment (segment) also define these logical information groupings. AUX port ( auxiliary management interface ): can be connected to MODEM to achieve remote management , exclusive mode . R14(config-if)#dialer string 016300 expedited delivery ( accelerated delivery ) may be the same or other layers of protocol of a different network device in The E-1 transmission line can be leased from a public carrier company for use as a dedicated line. IBM agency link. See FRAD . There is a command line interface function. Circuit Switching : PPP, HDLC, SLIP Bit, Frame, Packet, and Segment are all called : PDU (Protocol Data Unit) Bit ( bit, bit ) A number ; a 1 or a 0 . 8 bits make up one byte. 1. Static NAT 2. Dynamic NAT 3. PAT Congestion ( congestion ) exceeds the amount of network traffic handling capacity. The mode boots the device with an operating system. The ROM can also hold a small Cisco IOS . 1.A vlan == A broadcast domain == A logic subnet BECN between the Explicit Congestion through-pipe (Backward Explicit Congestion Notification) BECN is between. It is also the time it takes for a packet to travel from its source through a path to its destination. See latency . Demarc ( demarcation ) The demarcation point between the Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) and the telephone company carrier equipment. NextHopIP: Next hop IP The network node becomes the activity monitor and is responsible for managing tasks such as preventing loops and ensuring that tokens are not lost. block size ( block size ) available hosts in a subnet. The block size can generally be in increments of 4 , 8 , OSPF structure : End the Back ( back-end ) a front-end node to provide services or software programs. See server . The IP address is converted to a MAC address. See RARP . 20s 15s 15s To understanding all-routes explorer packet ( full routing packet detection ) a can pass over the entire SRB sounding packet network, CER cell error ratio (cell error ratio) ATM cell, a transmission error within a certain time and B(config)#inte s 0 enable secret provided in the ciphertext enable password ( in preference to the use plaintext ) service password-encryption of all encryption system cleartext password ( weak ) A collection of self-management systems that do not rely on information received from other systems or groups. Configuration information. Displays a physical view of the CiSCO device chassis and provides device monitoring capabilities and basic troubleshooting capabilities. Can be integrated with a large number of SNMP- based network management platforms. cost ( cost ) , also known as path cost, an arbitrary value, according to the number of hops, bandwidth, or other juice operator, B(config)#inte s 0 block size ( block size ) available hosts in a subnet. The block size can generally be in increments of 4 , 8 , 5.ExChange 6.Loading 7.Full Bypass relay ( bypass relay ) enables an interface of the token ring to be closed and effectively detached from the ring FRAME-RELAY LMI Signaling A system developed to provide network security. See the authentication . Authorization and accounting Target port : 23 Serial1 is administratively down, Line protocol is down ETP Ethernet Interface Processor, a Cisco 7000 Series Router 1. Switch and bridge 2. How many segments ( ports ) of switches and bridges have conflicting domains . Clock rate ? Configure the clock frequency of the DCE interface ( system specified frequency ) Encapsulation frame-relay clockrate 64000 Exchange routing information between systems. Kind of protocol to communicate. The bridging function is at the data link layer, layer 2 of the OSI reference model . The purpose of the bridge is to filter, send or spread any incoming frames based on the MAC address of the particular frame. EIGRP and OSPF . =========================================================== =============== Other bridges operate the same spanning tree algorithm, but allow packet encapsulation to be transmitted over a Frame Relay network. CONSOLE PORT ( management console interface ): distance limit , exclusive way . The IP address is converted to a MAC address. See RARP . An octet divided into four points, followed by a forward slash and the number of the masked bit ( abbreviation of the subnet symbol ) . See Rip V1 uses broadcast announcement broadcast address : 255.255.255.255 Externally connected to each interface of the device. This technology can be used by bridges and switches to transmit traffic over the network. Data link layer : Other features are available, including timing. This is an extended version of SF . See SF . To understanding 4. Notification method : Broadcast (RIPv1, IGRP) rule mechanism : frame types ( frame type ) the LAN in a frame is used to determine how to put on the local network. Ethernet collision domain ( collision domain ) network area Ethernet frame collision propagating. Conflict CPE customer premises equipment is installed at the user's location and connected to the telephone company's network equipment, such as telephones, CDP timer (CDP timer ) By default, Cisco Discovery Protocol is transmitted to all router interfaces. Specifies in which order the call will be reconnected. In addition, the call priority identifies which call is allowed during the bandwidth reservation period. Transmission method. Use acknowledgments and flow control for reliable data transfer. Contrast connectionless . See virtual circuit . DLSw Data Link Switching (Data Link Switching) IBM in 1992 Exploitation AC data link outside interface address is unknown , how do PAT configuration commands 1.cisco hdlc: can support multi-protocol environment , by adding the " attribute " field . 2.standard hdlc: only support single-protocol environment =========================================================== =============== Duplex Auto ( automatic duplex ) of a layer and 2 a device layer disposed on, it automatically switches provided A method of transmitting a parity bit or word in the link overhead of a previous block or frame. This allows the discovery of bit errors in the transmission and is transmitted as maintenance information. vlan 10 name cisco create a named CISCO 's 10 Hao VLAN vlan 20 create a system of self-named 20 Hao VLAN enable secret provided in the ciphertext enable password ( in preference to the use plaintext ) service password-encryption of all encryption system cleartext password ( weak ) =========================================================== =============== Frame Relay bridging ( FR bridge ) in 1490 RFC definition, uses this bridging method Available in four different frame types. They are not compatible with each other, so for two hosts to communicate, they must use the same frame type. Ppp chap password cisco sends local password in CHAP mode failure domain ( fault domain ) ----- area of the failed token ring. When a station gets a serious fault ( such as a cable disconnection on the network ) , it sends a beacon frame that includes the fault reported by the station, its NAUN, and everything in between. This defines the fault domain. The beacon then begins the so-called automatic configuration process. See autore Configure a static default route to indicate which interface to send to the unknown network , which interface to send the packet R14 (config) #ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 bri 0 ISL 's main road agreement created an 802.1Q main road in 2950 AFI privilege and format identifier (Authority and Format Identifier) ​​A part of the NSAP ATM address bridge group ( bridging group ) in a bridge configuration of the router, bridge group number determined by a unique Numbered recommended standards in ISDN , SMDS, and BISDN . 2) A flag for the field in the ATM address containing the E.164 format number . failure domain ( fault domain ) ----- area of the failed token ring. When a station gets a serious fault ( such as a cable disconnection on the network ) , it sends a beacon frame that includes the fault reported by the station, its NAUN, and everything in between. This defines the fault domain. The beacon then begins the so-called automatic configuration process. See autore Frame Relay switching ( Frame Relay switching ) service provider router frame relay packets provided ABM Asynchronous Balance Mode ---- ABM is an HDLC ( or a protocol derived from it ) communication technology that supports peer-to-peer, point-to-point communication between two stations when two stations can start transmitting. The higher the RouteID, the easier it becomes to become a DR (Designated Router designated router ) UTR Data Terminal Ready (Data Terminal Ready) ----- an activated with DCE communication =========================================================== =============== 20s 15s 15s OSI seven-layer network model : Protocol data unit Password cisco sets a password to "cisco" Frequent burst data from fast devices to compensate for differences in processing speed. The information entered before the data to be sent is received is stored. Also known as " information buffer " . Binding ( binding ) in LAN configuration on a network layer protocol to use some type of frame Bits are used to define the network. Only 8 bits are used to define hosts on the network. In the network, the link access protocol formed on the standard Ethernet data link layer. The credibility value of the source. The smaller the value, the higher the level of constitutionality Other features are available, including timing. This is an extended version of SF . See SF . The protocol field, even the direct font size in the transport layer header, filters the IPX address table of the network . Ip host Set static hostname mapping R14(config-if)#ppp chap password 16300 R14(config-if)#ppp chap hostname 16300 Count to infinity ( calculation to infinity ) routing problem in a routing algorithm, routers continue to increase 1. Standard Access Control List 1-99, 1300-1999 2. Extended Access Control List 100-199, 2000-2699 The ratio of the total number of cells sent in the transmission. Spanning trees can avoid loop problems caused by redundancy . Solve the problem : put redundant ports into blocking state . Interfaces in blocking state will not receive / send user data . DLSw Data Link Switching (Data Link Switching) IBM in 1992 Exploitation AC data link Access layer : Provides network access points , and the corresponding device ports are relatively dense . Main devices : switches , hubs . Border peer ( boundary peer ) manages a peer group device that exists on the edge of a hierarchical design 16 , 32 , 64 and 128 are used. =========================================================== =============== Track all possible paths to a given destination. Also known as a full ring detection package. See explorer packet , local explorer packet, and Spanning explorer packet . Configure a password for the console port : expedited delivery ( accelerated delivery ) may be the same or other layers of protocol of a different network device in show ip eigrp topology view EIGRP topology database ( table ) The signal has been established. The header information is removed from the (PDU) . See encapsulatio . broadcast storm ( broadcasting storm ) on the network an unwelcome event, it turned on by any number of broadcast The input is copied over the length of the medium and received by all other stations. Compare ring and star . Ip route 4.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 s0 Connect the SDLC device to Frame Relay without the need for an existing LAN . It is also possible to upgrade to a full-featured multi-protocol router. The conversion from SDLC to Ethernet and Token Ring can be activated , but the attached LAN is not supported . See FRAD . Duplex Auto ( automatic duplex ) of a layer and 2 a device layer disposed on, it automatically switches provided Copy tftp: startup-config copy flash: tftp: connection-oriented ( connection-oriented ) to establish a virtual circuit data before any data transmission User Network Interface (UNI) The time between a cell exit event and the corresponding cell entry event at the destination. Between these points CTD are ATM the transmission delay and ATM sum of the processing delay. choke packet ( packet that was blocked ) when congestion exists, it is sent to the sender of a packet, it should inform congestion avoidance ( congestion avoidance ) to minimize latency, the ATM network for controlling the system into RIPv1, RIPv2, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF, ISIS A service-related sublayer of the AAL ATM adaptation layer data link layer, data link layer from other applications AST Automatic Spanning Tree (Automatic Spanning Tree): to generate a probe frames from a moving network node to another node of a feature in the SRB support automatically resolve the spanning tree network. The AST is based on the IEEE 802.1 standard. See IEEE802.1 and SRB . Segmentation : Broadcast domain division ASP AppleTalk Session Protocol (APC) is established and maintained using ATP . BUS BUS ----- in LAN emulation, responsible for parsing the broadcasting and with all the unknown ( unregistered ) packet into the address of the ATM hardware or software required for point to point virtual circuit. See LANE , LEG , LEGS, and LES . BX.25 AT&T 's use of X.25 . See X.25 . call establishment ( call setup ) to refer to a work when the call ISDN call setup scheme. Encryption ( encryption ) converting the information into a form clutter to effectively disguise, so as to prevent an authorized end IGRP: based on bandwidth, latency, reliability, load, MTU (maximum transmission unit) Show frame-relay lmi show frame-relay pvc show frame-relay map DSR modem is ready (Data Set Ready) ----- When the DCE energized and ready to run, this Routers running BGP ; they use a TCP port on layer 4 of the OSI Reference Model . Especially using TCP Web specification. When no traffic is present. 1OOBaseT sends link bursts on the network ( more information than used in 1OBaseT ) . See 10BaseT , Fast Ethernet, and IEEE 802.3 . B(config)#access-list 1 permit any A LAN standard that can run at speeds up to 200 Mb/s and use token transfer media access technology on fiber optic cable. For redundancy, a double loop structure can be used. Duplex Full ( full duplex ) ability to simultaneously transfer information between the transmitting and receiving stations, see Blocking -> Listening -> Learning -> Forwarding 1. Transmission area ( backbone area ) 2. Common area ( non-backbone area ) User Network Interface (UNI) The time between a cell exit event and the corresponding cell entry event at the destination. Between these points CTD are ATM the transmission delay and ATM sum of the processing delay. Target : 172.16.3.1 Interface Serial1.1 multipoint EPROM erasable programmable read-only memory----- Encapsulation frame-relay clockrate 64000 Encapsulate the packet and prepare the data for transmission on the network medium. bridge priority ( bridge priority ) disposed bridge STP priority. By default all bridges take precedence Network connection. Ways allow different protocols to alternate CCNA is Cisco's most basic entry certification. Among them, the test focuses on network concepts and theories. For beginners, many professional English terms are difficult to understand, which makes the students' learning progress difficult. The original textbook of CISCO series certification, the frequency of professional vocabulary appears, as long as the candidates are familiar with this article, I believe that learning will definitely do more with less.