ccna switching exam

ccna switching exam

*Aug 18 04:37:06.239: Flags: 0x0 *Aug 18 04:37:24.735: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel0, changed state to down RFC1195 ! Type 1 length 12: After the tunnel setup failed Router ospf 1 If it is a Frame Relay P2P sub-interface, then there will be no problem, this is the recommended deployment method. Network 10.1.23.3 0.0.0.0 area 0 880 Network 10.1.34.3 0.0.0.0 area 0 Type escape sequence to abort. Tracing the route to 5.5.5.5 information Removal Trigger: configuration changed ! 3.3.3.0 [115/20] via 10.1.23.3, Serial1/0 Interface tunnel0 10.1.34.4 Pop tag Protection Link (link protection) ! Pop tag State: Oper; Msgs sent/rcvd: 26/22; Downstream Up time: 00:09:33 CSNP Comparison of terms between IS-IS and OSPF : 4.4.4.4/32 We see that R1 these inter-area routes are still there, but R1 no longer refers to the default route to R2 . RFC1195 75000 Located inside the ordinary area Mpls traffic-eng router-id loopback0 mpls traffic-eng area 0 Type block This is 1B , which contains a number of important bits: *Aug 18 11:31:44.598: In a typical network design, multiple independent Level1 areas are connected through a backbone network, and the backbone network is composed of routers with Level 2 routing functions. The Level1-2 router has two independent link state databases that support Level1 and Level2 routing , respectively . Router ospf 1 Backbone , so R2 can learn. At this time, I had a whimsy, and I made a level2 route to the level1 route re-release on R2 and found that ISO10589 The LFIB table does not contain inbound interface information. OutLabel : Ethernet0/0, 204 RSVP Signalling Info: DIS Ip address 10.1.12.1 255.255.255.0 Use default-information originate to associate a route-map to conditional notification. Only when the route-map match is established, the default route will be sent . The associated prefix list can be matched in the route-map to match the specific route prefix. The default route is advertised when there is this route in the R3 routing table. i L2 2.2.2.2/32, Flags: 0x21 (Local Prot Avail/to NHOP, Node-id) Show clns protocol Link State ID: 2.2.2.2 Advertising Router: 2.2.2.2 LS Seq Number: 8000001F Checksum: 0x580A Length: 60 *Aug 18 09:06:02.699: Minimum Path Bandwidth (bytes/sec): 1250000 204 *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: 10.1.12.2 (Strict IPv4 Prefix, 8 bytes, /32) Ip address 10.1.12.2 255.255.255.0 10.1.34.4 Ip cef We see that R5-PE2 assigns a 505 label to VPN customer route 6.6.6.6 . Device Internet segment 10.1.xy.0 / 24 , where xy is the device number, X small y large The TEDB already has link state information in all areas, so there is no need to use the IGP routing protocol. LDP ID election is the same as OSPF routerID Local binding: tag: 100 Let's take a look at the routing table for R1 : Area Address(es): 49.0001 SNPA: cc02.1ab0.0000 PATH Next, you can test the forwarding of traffic on R1 . ! I have already said it above. Net 49. 0002 .0000.0000.0001.00 My Address: 10.1.12.1 Link ID:: 1 *Aug 18 09:06:02.699: Path MTU: 1500 MPLS application IP internal reachability information The configuration of R5 is as follows: ! R2.02 L1 2.2.2.2 Label subobject: Flags 0x1, C-Type 1, Label 200 4.4.4.4/32, Flags: 0x20 (No Local Protection, Node-id) Label subobject: Flags 0x1, C-Type 1, Label 403 5.5.5.5/32, Flags: 0x20 (No Local Protection, Node-id) Tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 10 dynamic Tunnel mpls traffic-eng autoroute metric absolute y SNPA 404 Label 3 implicit null label Device Configuration Router ospf 1 Ip address 10.1.12.2 255.255.255.0 Globally activate MPLS TE tunnel and set MPLS label space Downstream active mode : Downstream Unsolicited MPLS TE and MPLS VPN Fa0/0 For example, the above figure, we can test on R2 , the configuration is as follows: RFC 3358 Mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls label range 400 499 Router-id 2.2.2.2 Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth This TLV , in this way, provides a simple and reliable mechanism for advertising hostname information. As shown in the figure below, this is an LSP message: i*L1 0.0.0.0/0 [115/10] via 10.1.123.3, FastEthernet0/0 ----------- ---------- Is-type level-1 metric-style wide After calculating the path, you need to reserve resources and distribute labels through RSVP . The RSVP path message is transmitted one hop along the calculated PATH and requests resources and labels. Then R7 will give the response and bring the label back. This tag distribution and resource reservation actions are also performed one by one. In this way, an LSP is finally established. Ethernet0/1, Src IP addr: 10.1.23.3 Addresses bound to peer LDP Ident: Router ospf 1 !! TE metric , the default is equal to the following IGP metric I/E 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets The first is the case of no forwarding adjacency: Each priority corresponds to an available bandwidth Link state messages are used to propagate link and node information in the area (describe the topology of the local network) After the LSP is sent, the SRM is set. 10.1.12.2 8 msec 4 msec 0 msec Note: a IS-IS routing domain ( routing Domain ) does not necessarily need to have two levels, if only a region of deployment, it may be all L1 or all L2 of , recommended L2 of , to obtain a good scalability. *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: Error Code: 24 (Routing Problem) Interface eth 0/0 Interface fast0/0 *Mar 1 00:00:32.639: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 10.1.24.4 Up Or Tunnel Id OSPF ! 6B is systemID + 1B of PSN ID 3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets From which interface a tag packet is received, as long as it has this tag, it will be exchanged. Intermediate system IS Tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 10 dynamic Interface eth 0/1 3 We know that IS-IS actually recognizes two types of networks, one is peer-to-peer and the other is broadcast multi-access network. For NBMA , such as frame relay networks, IS-IS deployment should be cautious, to see what will be wrong: ! Bandwidth: 0 kbps (Global) Priority: 7 7 Affinity: 0x0/0xFFFF Metric Type: TE (default) FastEthernet0/0, Src IP addr: 10.1.12.2 Addresses bound to peer LDP Ident: IP interface address Only the label mapping message of the route prefix advertised by the next hop neighbor of the optimal route is saved locally. R1# Interface loopback Test the transmission process of the data stream, observe the phenomenon *Aug 18 04:37:06.239: Incoming PathError: !!R2 sends a patherror message to R1 i L1 *Aug 18 09:06:02.699: average rate=250000 bytes/sec, burst depth=1000 bytes Access-list 1 permit 5.5.5.0 route-map test permit 10 RSVP message type The output of the CSPF algorithm is an IP interface address sequence (next hop router address) between the two endpoints of the tunnel . Show clns int SSN : Mainly used in the following two aspects: Network 10.1.34.3 0.0.0.0 area 0 Is-type level-1 metric-style wide Router(config-if)# ip rsvp bandwidth ? State: explicit path option 10 is active ! State: Oper; Msgs sent/rcvd: 13/13; Downstream Up time: 00:03:47 The configuration of R2 is supplemented as follows: The target network segment involved in MPLS is the same as traditional IP forwarding. Ip address 10.1.23.3 255.255.255.0 Nterface Pop tag C *Mar 1 00:09:39.243: ISIS-Adj: Authentication failed R1(config-keychain-key)#key-string cisco R1(config-keychain-key)#exit 3.3.3.0 [115/20] via 10.1.123.3, FastEthernet0/0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets In order to ensure the simplicity of the experimental environment first, I will ignore the existence of the R4 and R4 direct links. When you don't exist, you will be there. 104 Distribution mode : Label Distribution The concept of "similar" in IP R2# show ip route MPLS VPN Architecture Volume 2 Outgoing Path calculation Add: The top label is replaced (exchanged) by a new label, and one or more labels are added to the upper layer of the replaced label. Router ospf 1 The loopback interface of R2 and R3 comes from this area, so there is no problem with the route of L1 , but is the direct link of R2-R4 and R3-R4 coming in? That's because these are the direct connections of R2 and R3 . You can configure the interface to be on S1 and 0 of R2 and S1/0 of R3 . Net 49.0001.0000.0000.0002.00 FastEthernet1 / 0, Src IP addr: 10.1.13.3 Addresses bound to peer LDP Ident: The IS-IS related interface is Up or Down . In a network running MPLS , you can set these two paths to different LSPs and use different labels. On R1 , R6 and OAM is basically used for error detection, location, and monitoring implementation. This tag distinguishes between ordinary messages and OAM messages. CISCO IOS does not use tag 14 , which performs MPLS OAM but is not implemented by tag 14 . ! Traffic Engineering (TE) automatic bandwidth feature adjusts the bandwidth allocation for TE tunnels based on their measured traffic load: [7]: 55000 kbits/sec Mpls ldp router-id loopback0 mpls label range 200 299 interface fast0/0 Mainly two functions: In a broadcast multi-access network, a router is elected as a DIS , and a peer-to-peer network does not require a DIS. At this time,ccna switching exam, TTL propagation can be turned off ( CISCO router is enabled by default) Experiment 2 R1#show mpls ldp neighbor O 2.2.2.2 [110/2] via 10.1.12.2, 00:00:37, FastEthernet0/0 R1(config-keychain-key)#key-string cisco R1(config-keychain-key)#exit Mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls label range 300 399 The usual practice is to use mpls ip to activate the LDP protocol on each interface that runs the IGP protocol. There is an easier way: Whether the systemID exists, if it exists, ignores the ISH . If it does not exist, the receiving router creates a new adjacency relationship, which is set to "initialization" state, and the system type is "unknown". The IIH response is then sent . If the router receives an IIH packet from the new neighbor , the router sets the adjacency to UP and the system type is IS . However, there is a problem here. After the local IIH is sent, I don’t know if the other party is If it is received, then there is a possibility that the message will be lost in the middle and the UP side will be DOWN . So we introduced a three-way handshake mechanism, see below.