ccna certification exam questions

ccna certification exam questions

Fa0/0 MPLS does not assign labels to BGP routes, but assigns labels to the next hop of BGP routes. BGP route delivery in MPLS environment *Aug 18 09:06:02.699: Flags: (0x7) Local Prot desired, Label Recording, SE Style !! Flags are reflected in the flag Note CISCO IOS in, LDP will not BGP in IPv4 prefix bundled label. Kbps (Global) Priority: 7 7 Affinity: 0x0/0xFFFF RSVP Signalling Info: Reservable BW (kbps) 2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0 5.5.5.5 [110/31] via 5.5.5.5, 00:00:01, Tunnel0 10.1.12.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 10.1.23.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 /1 1112 ----------- Frame-relay map ip 10.1.123.2 201 broadcast Ip router isis router isis Of course, if you are running in a single zone, you can use a full L1 router or a full L2 router solution. TCP connection: 2.2.2.2.61914 - 1.1.1.1.646 The existence of the established tunnel has changed. The network environment at this moment is as follows: ! LSP Seq Num OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 1) Router Link States (Area 0) 10.1.45.0/24 [110/30] via 10.1.23.3, 00:00:01, Ethernet0/1 Tspec: ave rate=0 kbits, burst=1000 bytes, peak rate=0 kbits RSVP Resv Info: [4]: 3.3.3.3 [110/65537] via 10.1.12.2, 00:00:47, FastEthernet0/0 5.5.5.5 Tun ID: 0 Ext Tun ID: 1.1.1.1 Route summarization on the L1/L2 router ( to level1 ) First configure R3 : Reference book Is-type level-1 LSP Seq Num TCP connection: 3.3.3.3.33664 - 1.1.1.1.646 Next, you can test the forwarding of traffic on R1 . Here are a few things to note: i ia 10.1.24.0 [115/148] via 10.1.123.2, FastEthernet0/0 i ia 10.1.45.0 [115/158] via 10.1.123.2, FastEthernet0/0 i ia 10.1.34.0 [115/158] via 10.1.123.2 , FastEthernet0/0 C 10.1.123.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 i*L1 0.0.0.0/0 [115/10] via 10.1.123.3, FastEthernet0/0 Interface Loopback0 No frame-relay inverse-arp R1(config)#router isis See below for more details. Link IP Address: 10.1.23.2 *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: Flags: (0x7) Local Prot desired, Label Recording, SE Style Modify the configuration of R2 : Max_reservable_bw_sub: 0 ​​(kbps) For the highest loopback port IP 0x2B7C *Aug 18 09:06:02.699: Flags: (0x7) Local Prot desired, Label Recording, SE Style !! Flags are reflected in the flag FastEthernet0/0.12 (ldp): xmit/recv Mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls label range 100 199 SRM and SSM are used to coordinate diffusion and database synchronization ! The above label, there is another way to see, is to look at the TE Tunnel directly on R2 : *Aug 18 04:37:06.243: Shared-Explicit (SE) *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: Path MTU: 1500 R1.00-00 [115/30] via 10.1.24.2, Serial0/0 2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets Discovery Sources: R1#show mpls ldp neighbor The configuration of R2-PE1 is as follows: 4.4.4.4/32 ! ! OSP PDU Ip explicit-path name R2R3R4 enable next-address 10.1.12.2 Policy routing Contains information such as the tunnel sender address, LSP ID, etc. Metric: 0 Interface eth 0/0 MPLS is a forwarding technology based on packet labeling *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: Minimum Path Bandwidth (bytes/sec): 1250000 10.1.34.3 OSI PDU Mpls ldp router-id loopback0 In operational contexts , a tunnel can be removed from one path and palced onto another. Continue to show it: One goes from tunnel0 , cost=1000+1=1001 one goes from eth0/1 , cost=10+10+10+1=31 MTU implicit check Overload Tunnel mpls traffic-eng autoroute announce tunnel mpls traffic-eng priority 7 7 LDP adjacency establishment process Ip rsvp bandwidth *Aug 18 11:26:02.546: Point2 AutoRoute: enabled LockDown: disabled Loadshare: 2000 bw-based auto-bw: disabled Unmarked / No Label: The entire label stack is removed and the message is forwarded in an unlabeled manner. Local Clear domain authentication Record Route ( RRO ) IP external reachability information !! Set MPLS TE routerID Note that we are studying the label allocation of frame-mode . No longer take the tunnel , and then go to traceroute 55.55.55.55 from R2 , no longer see the label. *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: HOP type 1 length 12: !! This is the mapping of IP A value of 0 indicates that the maximum number of three area addresses is supported . By default, the value is 0 , and the actual value is in the range of 1-254 . Let us verify it now. Next-address loose 10.1.34.4 *Aug 18 11:31:44.598: 75000 Interface eth0/1 R2.00-00 Backbone area 10.1.34.0/24 *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: peak rate =250000 bytes/sec [T] 403 Fa0/0 *Aug 18 04:37:06.239: parameter id=127, flags=0, parameter length=5 *Aug 18 04:37:06.243: FLOWSPEC type 2 length 36: I mentioned the four metric types of IS-IS . The bits that can be used in each metric are the lower 6 bits. That is to say, the maximum interface metric is 63. We propose several new TLVs to make up for this defect. The above command will add or subtract z from the original cost of the route ( the range of z is -10 to 10 ) Redistribute isis ip level-2 into level-1 route-map test Local binding: tag: 102 Mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls label range 200 299 2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets *Aug 18 04:37:06.239: General Parameters break bit=0 service length=8 !! This one can be done, you know Outgoing Destination-based load balancing is actually achieved by HASHing the destination and source IP addresses . In other words, it is actually based on source and destination address pairs for load balancing. My Address: 10.1.12.1 Fa0/0 Tunnel mode mpls traffic-eng tunnel destination 5.5.5.5 Therefore, R2 receives the packet destined for 6.6.6.6 and first pushes the inner VPN label of 505 . Network 10.1.45.4 0.0.0.0 area 0 Priority 3 : 9375000 N-SEL 1- byte selector, English: NSAP-Selector is similar to the port in TCP/IP , identifies the process (or service) on the device, and is 00 in NET . LSP Based on the information in the link state database,ccna certification exam questions, the almost identical algorithm, the SPF algorithm, is used to calculate the optimal route. Let's take a look, why is it exposed to network information? Suppose A below router E , E made to be a packet to D under F. , The data packet is A tag the transferred B , assumed that the BC loop appears between subsequent label TTL is decremented to 0 , since the TTL value The setting is very small, so very quickly, the TTL is decremented to 0. At this time, B (message discarder) will send an ICMP error message back to E. Then, if B has E route (or label), B will The ICMP error message will be sent directly back to E. If not, B will continue to tag the error message and gradually pass it to D , D.As the PE , about E route, then back to the label and then loaded on E . Then, no matter what the situation, the final E can receive the ICMP error message generated by B.