ccna ccnp certification

ccna ccnp certification

LSP Then R1 will limit the establishment of targeted session of the peer , is 3.3.3.3 , which is R3 of LDP routerid , in addition, LDP session protection time is 30S , that is to say, 30S If the LDP neighbors yet up, targeted session will fail. Naturally, the protected tag information stored in the LIB is gone. Label description Use the following command to see the relevant information: 3 10.1.23.2 [MPLS: Label 203 Exp 0] 964 msec 1124 msec 1008 msec * 0x0000000F R2-PE1#show mpls traffic-eng tunnels IP subnet 75000 *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: version=0, length in words=7 RESV R2#show mpls traffic-eng tunnels Router-id 5.5.5.5 *Aug 18 11:26:02.546: version:1 flags:0000 cksum:CA2B ttl:255 reserved:0 length:160 304 IS-IS is PDU has . 4 Species : *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: ERROR_SPEC type 1 length 12: ISO 10589 requires that the hello data be padded to the MTU size of the output interface , which means that the same MTU is usually used at both ends of the adjacency relationship. To update the LSDB , the LSP will be cleared from the LSDB . After the old LSP is cleared from the LSDB , it will remain for a while. By default, the cost of an OSPF interface is calculated based on the bandwidth. The configuration of R1 is as follows: Outgoing tag or VC Router# show mpls traffic-eng link-management bandwidth-allocation *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: version:1 flags:0000 cksum:0000 ttl:255 reserved:0 length:232 Interface In the explicit setup mode, we must specify the router that the TE tunnel needs to traverse. You can specify the TE of the router in the link. 10.1.12.2 ! In the above figure, we define attribute tags for the two interfaces of R1 . The attribute tag attribute-flags is a 32-bit field. 10.1.23.3 [MPLS: Label 300 Exp 0] 4 msec 0 msec 4 msec Router-id 5.5.5.5 After calculating the path, you need to reserve resources and distribute labels through RSVP . The RSVP path message is transmitted one hop along the calculated PATH and requests resources and labels. Then R7 will give the response and bring the label back. This tag distribution and resource reservation actions are also performed one by one. In this way, an LSP is finally established. Priority 0 : 9375000 Used to confirm and request link status information Min unit=0 bytes, max pkt size=2147483647 bytes Interface Loopback0 The configuration of R4 is as follows: ! 3.3.3.3/32 LSPID Link state packet checksum Fa0/0 LockDown: disabled Loadshare: 2000 OSPF Comment *Aug 18 11:31:44.598: PATH Priority : Priority. The DIS priority of the interface used to elect the DIS in the broadcast LAN . The higher the priority value, the more likely the router becomes a DIS . Reservable Bandwidth[7]: Reservable BW (kbps) R3#show ip cef exact-route 10.1.35.55 1.1.1.1 Local tag !! activation level1 of MPLS TE Version=0 length in words=10 Modify the ldp hello message sending interval, the default 5S 10.1.23.3 Ip explicit-path name R3R4 enable next-address 10.1.23.3 300 Interface eth0/0 Describes all LSP information in the LSP database . State: Oper; Msgs sent/rcvd: 13/13; Downstream Up time: 00:03:47 Used to publish link state information is somewhat similar to OSPF of LSA stuff i L2 Network 10.1.45.4 0.0.0.0 area 0 C 10.1.24.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0 C 10.1.45.0 is directly connected, Serial0/2 C 10.1.34.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1 i L2 10.1.123.0 [115/20] via 10.1.34.3, Serial0/ 1 Net 49.0001.0000.0000.0002.00 Net 49.0001.0000.0000.0003.00 *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: parameter id=127, flags=0, parameter length=5 Interface Therefore, we activate the forwarding adjacency feature on the CISCO IOS router, except that the TE tunnel endpoint router advertises the tunnel as a direct link, and also considers the tunnel when it performs the SPF algorithm calculation . And if we modify the IGP of the tunnel port Link State ID: 2.2.2.2 Advertising Router: 2.2.2.2 LS Seq Number: 8000001F Checksum: 0x580A Length: 60 *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: Level1 : Relative to the concept of a single area, consists of L1 routers in this area, and its routing information is published to Backbone . Route-map test permit 10 router isis Router isis Src 1.1.1.1, Dst 5.5.5.5, Tun_Id 0, Tun_Instance 9 RSVP Path Info: R1 Use the detail keyword to view the details of the LFIB forwarding entry, including the Layer 2 information, and all the label content. If you don't add it, you can only see the top label. 100 Interface Tunnel0 ----------- ! ISO 8348/Ad2 Such as LDP ID = 1.1.1.1:0 If CSNP is received and it is found that LSPs are lost , the router will retransmit the lost LSP . Set-overload-bit suppress interlevel O LDP allows non-directly connected neighbors, so that neighbors discover that they do not need to rely on multicast HELLO packets, but instead use unicast packets. If the payload of the MPLS is an IPv4 packet, load balancing is implemented by hashing the source and destination IP addresses of the IPv4 packet header . LFIB label forwarding information base Inter-domain routing protocol ! MPLS TE improves the efficiency of traffic spread across the network, avoiding inadequate and overuse of links. Network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0 area 0 Test . 3 : SET-overload 'bit-ON-120 Startup 0x00000011 Priority 2 : 9375000 Tspec: ave rate=20000 kbits, burst=1000 bytes, peak rate=20000 kbits RSVP Resv Info: If you still can't distinguish,ccna ccnp certification, choose one randomly. FastEthernet0/0, Src IP addr: 10.1.12.2 Addresses bound to peer LDP Ident: BDR The PoP : receives downstream air sent by the tag assigned to a specific prefix, the value of this tag is 3 , then the LSR to the downstream LSR transmits the prefix data destined time, he will put up top label ( the POP ) for Forward, note that this time only need to check for this LSR In operational contexts , a tunnel can be removed from one path and palced onto another. Router ospf 1 Access-list 100 deny udp any any eq 646 access-list 100 permit ip any any R1#show mpls traffic-eng tunnels RFC 2370 describes an extension of OSPF that defines three new LSAs . These LSAs are called sluggish LSAs ( opaque LSAs ) and their differences are limited to the extent of propagation. These LSAs can accurately provide the information required by MPLS TE to OSPF : Message type Config Parameters: Flooded Links: 2 Router(config)# mpls ldp targeted-hello accept from acl Two routers to establish LDP neighbors, to ensure that the parties to the other side of the LDP ID triple up Routers in the network must identify all in order to perform appropriate operations *Aug 18 09:06:02.699: version:1 flags:0000 cksum:5878 ttl:255 reserved:0 length:216 Delay metric is optional, the link transmission delay is not supported. R2-PE1#show mpls ldp neighbor Router(config)# mpls ldp discovery hello interval seconds R2#show mpls forwarding-table Interface eth 0/1 Network 10.1.12.1 0.0.0.0 area 0 Bytes Label *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: Flags: (0x7) Local Prot desired, Label Recording, SE Style Ip address 10.1.23.2 255.255.255.0 Pop tag Interface fas0/0 Swap: The top label is removed and a new label is used instead of the removed label. AutoRoute Overview R3#show mpls forwarding-table Path: valid *Aug 18 09:06:02.699: Flags: (0x7) Local Prot desired, Label Recording, SE Style !! Flags are reflected in the flag In CISCO IOS routers, IOS cannot automatically allocate bandwidth-based link (interface) metrics. Regardless of the bandwidth of the link, the default IS-IS metric for all interfaces is 10 , of course you can modify it. The maximum metric for a full path is 1023 . Of course, the IETF has extended the default metric . The configuration of R2 is as follows: Each metric type is 8bits and has the following form: Activate the MPLS TE extension for each router's OSPF and manually set the RouterID for MPLS TE . InLabel : - The default MaxAge is 1200 seconds and ZeroAgeLifetime is 60 seconds. When the serial number of the LSP sent by an IS reaches Res. Global BW: 75000 kbits/sec !! interface's maximum reservable bandwidth Router-id 1.1.1.1 Configuration example Type 2 length 48: The maximum reservable bandwidth is 75M , which is 75% of 100M . A targeted LDP neighbor relationship has been established with R4 . Time since created: 11 minutes, 42 seconds Time since path change: 10 seconds Number of LSP IDs (Tun_Instances) used: 9 Mpls traffic-eng router-id Loopback0 mpls traffic-eng area 0 !! Set MPLS TE routerID Mpls ldp autoconfig area 0 Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth No support for Ip multicast routing Regional information Version = 0 length in words = 7 service id = 5, service length = 6 Bw[1]: ( NLPID 0x81 ) and IP ( 0xCC ) Type Manually reoptimize Targeted Hello 1.1.1.1 -> 3.3.3.3, active, passive OSPF ensures the reliability of diffusion across all links In the Level1 link state database. Each zone in the IS-IS domain has a unique Level1 link state database. The shortest path is calculated by the SPF algorithm. R2-PE1#show mpls traffic-eng tunnels 4 MPLS TE of AutoRoute characteristics of the TE tunnel as a direct link participating SPF calculation (except R2 themselves) *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: average rate=250000 bytes/sec, burst depth=1000 bytes The interface of each router activates RSVP and MPLS TE tunnel support. TE metric is a parameter used to build a TE topology that is completely different from the IP topology (although by default it is equal to IGP metric ) In this environment, all physical interfaces OSPF cost = 10 , Loopback port cost = 1 Set the synchronous holddown timer to 5S , so that after 5S times out, R1-R4 establishes the OSPF adjacency. Attribute tag attribute-flags R1.00-00 i L2 5.5.5.0 [115/20] via 10.1.45.5, Serial0/2 The downstream label was not transmitted, because LDP Neighbor was not established. Ip address 10.1.45.5 255.255.255.0 ! Interface eth 0/1 With BDR , the DR cannot be preempted, and the DR sends Hello at the normal frequency. CSNP (Complete Serial Number PDU ) ! ! !! activation level1 of MPLS TE OSPF Router with ID (3.3.3.3) (Process ID 1) Router Link States (Area 0) For example, R1 . 01 - 00, where R1 is SystemID (this is the system ID based on the host name ), 01 is the PseudonodeID pseudo node ID , and if it is sent by the pseudo node, it is non- 00 , 00 is the fragment number. LSP Type : 0x0800 carries IPv4 packets and finds FIB. Tunnel mpls traffic-eng bandwidth 2000 18 Router isis RFC 2370 describes an extension of OSPF that defines three new LSAs . These LSAs are called sluggish LSAs ( opaque LSAs ) and their differences are limited to the extent of propagation. These LSAs can accurately provide the information required by MPLS TE to OSPF : Inter-domain routing protocol Interface fast 0/0 Now we will complete the following configuration on R2 : Interface eth0/1 Imagine if AB link between carrying a lot of the Tunnel , then when this root link DOWN out of time, will likely trigger a large amount in a short time PATHtear and ResvTear , so how to optimize it? R1#show mpls traffic-eng tunnels Virtual link Assign and distribute labels 0 kbits/sec NHop ( Next Hop Router ): Next hop router, PLR next hop router R1#sh mpls ldp bindings We can still see the label bundles passed by R3 before in the LIB table of R1 : A0/0 Is a group or flow of packets that are forwarded along the same path and are treated the same with regard to the forwarding treatment. R2 configuration is as follows PDU length : the length of the entire PDU , including the header You can see Path weight=3 . How did this 3 come from? Because R1 establishes a tunnel to R4 , then R1 reaches R4 (note that it is not 959 ! Type escape sequence to abort. Tracing the route to 6.6.6.6 Removal Trigger: configuration changed 75000 Circuit circuit The subnet point of attachments is the point at which the subnet service is provided, which is equivalent to the second layer address of the corresponding Layer 3 address ( NET or NSAP ). usually Ip address 10.1.56.6 255.255.255.0 R4 the loopback port) of the OSPF Metric =. 3 , so the default TE metric = 3 13 1bit *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: Error Node: 10.1.12.2 During the ES-IS work process, the end system sends an ESH ( ES Hello ) message to a specific address to notify the router of its existence. The router listens to the ESH packet to discover the ES existing in the network , so that the packet arriving at the specific ES address is subsequently forwarded to the ES . In ES-IS , the router advertises its own existence to the ES by sending an ISH ( IS Hello ) message to a specific address . ES also monitor ISH , if a plurality of received IS transmitted ISH , ES will then be selected, and sends all data to the IS .