ccna previous exam papers pdf

ccna previous exam papers pdf

R2.00-00 ! 0x0000000C IS R3.00 A device that supports and activates MPLS . It is capable of understanding MPLS labels and of receiving and transmitting a labeled packet on a data link. Three kinds of LSRs exist in an MPLS network: Fa0/0 LS age: 43 i L2 Net 49.0001.0000.0000.0002.00 697 ! Feature overview This global command is used to modify it. After the expiration of the timer, the IGP will establish an adjacency on the link. Once the IGP adjacency is established and the LDP session has not been synchronized, the IGP will advertise the metric of the link to the maximum. 4 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets Mpls traffic-eng area 0 200 Distribution mode (the Label Distribution's) : the downstream drive mode (Downstream Unsolicited) R1#show ip route 3.3.3.3/32 4.4.4.4/32 Router-id 3.3.3.3 *Aug 18 11:26:02.546: Type 1 length 8 : 204 The TLVs used are: Network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area0 1921.6800.1024. By default, summaries go into Level 2 if no routing level option is indicated. State Changed: 02:23:31 The configuration of R2 is supplemented as follows: Packet data unit data unit 2.2.2.2 0 [5] Router ospf 1 After the basic configuration is completed, since R2 and R3 are L1\L2 routers , for both of them, they will advertise themselves to the local level1 area as a way to go out , by setting ATT in the LSP generated by themselves . we R1 point of view isis database has been able to see out. R1#show isis database 0x00000026 By default, CISCO IOS does not trigger re-optimization when a link in the network can be used again by a TE tunnel (for example, the available bandwidth changes, this change is flooded by the IGP protocol), but This operation can be activated. To enable re-optimization when a link becomes operational in MPLS TE , use the following command: 1.1.1.1/32 In this experimental test, we announced the direct-connected segments of R1-R5 and R4-R6 in OSPF . 3.3.3.0 [115/20] via 10.1.34.3, Serial0/0 *Aug 18 09:06:07.919: peak rate =250000 bytes/sec 906 Link IP Address: 10.1.23.2 Inter-domain routing protocol MPLS VPN Backbone carried out within for MPLS TE in the OSPF extensions and R1 build on a TE the Tunnel , for their own sources of the Loopback0 , for the purpose of R5 is 5.5.5.5 LDP initial/maximum backoff: 15/120 sec LDP loop detection: off Version/ Protocol ID extension: Value is 1 Next Hop The virtual link implements a level 1 repair path through the backbone . The zone designated router sets the partition repair of its level1 LSP . The tunnel 's build priority cannot be set higher than the hold priority. O 2.2.2.2 [110/2] via 10.1.12.2, 00:00:37, FastEthernet0/0 A new LSP is triggered immediately and the ATT is not set. As a result, R1 revokes the default route that originally pointed to R2 . Reservable Bandwidth[0]: Network 10.1.12.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 Mpls ldp session protection for 1 duration 30 *Aug 18 11:26:02.546: MPLS LDP-IGP synchronization example R1(config-if)#isis authentication key-chain test level-1 R1(config-if)#isis authentication mode md5 level-1 R3 is a passive session recipient. The forwarding behavior of such IP packets may cause link transitions in some networks, while other links have a low probability of use. 201 HOP Mpls ldp router-id Loopback0 Interface eth 0/1 Prefix O 10.1.12.0 [110/65536] via 10.1.23.2, 00:09:07, FastEthernet0/0 Then we go to R1 and test it: Traditional TE solutions have the following examples: Basically, the LSP is the path through the MPLS network or a part of it that packets take. // One-way path. In fact, an LSP is a path when a packet traverses an MPLS network or a part of an MPLS network. 0x8000001A 0x002ED2 0 Default metric is supported by all IS-IS routers and is often interpreted as a measure that is inversely proportional to bandwidth. Tunnel mpls traffic-eng bandwidth 33000 Configuration example Mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls label range 500 599 Priority 7 : 9375000 Mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls label range 100 199 Interface TOS 0 Metrics: 1 0x8973 The trick of traditional IP routing: Since the IP prefix in the IS-IS area is the leaf of the SPF tree, part of the route calculation ( PRC ) is more, usually this means that in one Current LSP: IS-IS adjacency on a multi-access link R1#sh isis neighbors detail IS-IS interface. If the interface is attached to a multiaccess network, the circuit ID is concatenated with the system ID of the DIS ” The average allocated traffic on the interface. Min unit=0 bytes, max pkt size=2147483647 bytes 1800s , and is a fixed value R2.00-00 There are two types of tunnel priorities: *Aug 18 04:37:06.239: Error Node: 10.1.12.2 The interface IP of R3 is 10.1.23.3 . The default on the point to point link 10S sent once IIH . 204 403 5.5.5.5/32 0 Tu0 point2point MAC/Encaps=14/22, MRU=1496, Label Stack{305 403} , via Et0/1 0E00003017000E00003016108847 0013100000193000 ! Tunnel mpls traffic-eng autoroute announce Interface eth 0/0 However, not all messages with the same label belong to one FEC , because the EXP values ​​of these messages may be different and may be performed differently, so they may belong to different FECs . The SNPA address can be obtained in several ways: Active Path Option Parameters: Fa0/0 * 0x0000002B R3#show mpls forwarding-table !! Use strict next hop directly in this area Router isis Or Tunnel Id Mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls label range 500 599 R1 RFC 2205 Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) Area-password cisco [0]: Total Allocated i* L1 If this time is specified as 0 , the periodic reoptimize will be turned off in all TE tunnels on the router . Of course, you can turn off reoptimize for a single TE tunnel , the command is as follows: Both interfaces: 1 interface: 75000 102 0 kbits/sec Show ip route isis Type escape sequence to abort. Tracing the route to 6.6.6.6 Router bgp 2345 *Aug 18 11:31:44.598: twenty two LSP midpoint frr information: LSP identifier Network 10.1.23.3 0.0.0.0 area 0 Route-map test permit 10 router isis 0 kbits/sec 10.1.12.2 Network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 5.5.5.5 Tun ID: 0 Ext Tun ID: 1.1.1.1 No output feature configured 1921.6800.1024. Interface loopback0 TE Metric : Administrative weight Regional merger Interface Ethernet0/1 Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth P2P Links: Multiacces Links: 10.1.12.1 204 R1#show ip ospf database opaque-area self-originate Partition repair: on . 8 bits if the LSP originating router supports the repair area division is set this field Attached bits : the first 4-7 bits, for setting the LSP association with another area available with the following metrics: of . 4 -bit - default; 5th bit - delay; 6th bit - overhead; 7th bit - error The figure above is a single-area Level1 routing domain. Insert ( impose or push ) Finally choose the red path above because the TE metric of this path is smaller You can use the above command to modify the TE metric (configured on the physical interface). Three triggers that may cause the TE tunnel to reoptimize . 303 102 Once LDP is activated, the LSR generates a label locally for the prefix in the routing table, and then bundles it with the prefix to send the label mapping message to all LDP neighbors. When I receive the remote binding from the LDP neighbor , I bundle the tags and the local bindings that are localized for the specific prefix into the LIB . 1.1.1.1 Interface eth 0/0 And R2 routing table at the moment is such that: The loopback0 address space of all devices is xxxx/32 , and x is the device number. 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets P2P Links: Multiacces Links: Priority 7 : 9375000 If the weight issue orders without the level parameter, the default is as shown level2 parameters, that is, inject external routes into level2 in this way level2 area can learn to this external routes, but level1 area in Can't learn because R2 is at level1 Finally, let's complete the configuration of R1 : If the payload of the MPLS is an IPv6 packet, the load balancing is performed according to the source and destination addresses in the IPv6 header. Establish mapping of data link layer address to network layer address ( CLNP address) End system adjacency routing Time since created: 5 hours, 38 minutes Activate the MPLS TE tunnel feature on the interface. O 10.1.12.0 [110/65536] via 10.1.23.2, 00:09:07, FastEthernet0/0 Interface Loopback0 Outgoing Received in packets other than Database Description packets . *Aug 18 11:26:02.546: version:1 flags:0000 cksum:CA2B ttl:255 reserved:0 length:160 The configuration of R2 is as follows (all configurations are omitted from the configuration of interface IP ): ! R2 , R3 , R4 , and R5 are MPLS VPN Backbone routers. The Backbone IGP protocol running is OSPF , and the process ID is used. *Aug 18 11:31:44.598: Src 1.1.1.1, Dst 5.5.5.5, Tun_Id 0, Tun_Instance 521 RSVP Path Info: ! 1B of the sub-TLV length 0 kbits/sec Reserved label Attribute tag and affinity attribute Network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0 area 0 IS-IS packets can carry multiple TLVs with only one header, saving bandwidth Mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth The unit is Bytes , multiplied by 8 is 100Mbps 0/0/0 Interface eth0/0 10.1.56.0/24 Net 49.0001.1111.2222.3333.00 3B 's default metric , enough for you to stink? Status *Aug 18 04:37:06.239: Next Hop Tun Dest: Test the transmission process of the data stream, observe the phenomenon ! Each IP prefix is ​​assigned a bunch of metrics . Label Route-map test permit 10 router isis *Aug 18 09:06:02.699: Minimum Path Bandwidth (bytes/sec): 1250000 Mpls traffic-eng tunnels mpls label range 300 399 In the cfg-ip-expl-path mode, you can also use the list keyword to view all the next-addresses that have been entered . Use index x next-address to specify the index number of each next- hop IP that has been entered . R1#sh mpls ldp bindings We can still see the label bundles passed by R3 before in the LIB table of R1 : 10.1.34.0/24 View bandwidth's Thresholds Section LAN ID as 1921.6811.1001. 03 . " the routers connected to the multiaccess network (Ethernet) all have the same circuit ID . The circuit ID is a one-octet number that the router uses to uniquely identify the Router# mpls traffic-eng reoptimize Network 10.1.23.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 mpls traffic-eng router-id loopback0 mpls traffic-eng area 0 14 1bit OO Ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 Remote binding: tsr: 2.2.2.2:0, tag: imp-null tib entry: 3.3.3.3/32, rev 6 When we deploy MPLS TE and use OSPF as the TE , OSPF needs to be extended to support MPLS TE . At this time, we can see that the Obit bit is set and can only be seen in DBD packets in this environment. the corresponding option of obit set but the other messages in the option in the obit is still 0 . Mpls ldp router-id loopback0 mpls label protocol ldp Fa0/0 LSP TLV field of Level 1 route Complete sequence number packets ( CSNP ) Complete sequence number packet The term circuit ( Circuit ) corresponding to the interface . Because the NET address is used to identify the entire device, the Circuit ID is used to indicate a different interface. The router assigns a 1- byte Circuit ID to the interface as follows . Mpls ldp neighbor 3.3.3.3 targeted ldp LDP adjacency establishment process 202 Outgoing interface R1 Show mpls traffic-eng topology ? *Aug 18 11:31:44.598: Detailed concept IS-IS packets carry all easily expandable information using TLV fields 4.4.4.4 Reservable Bandwidth[4]: Uptime: 10 seconds Selection: reoptimization Or Tunnel Id ! Remote binding: tsr: 2.2.2.2:0, tag: imp-null 2.2.2.2 0 [5] Two processes: neighbor discovery process, session establishment process ! 0 kbits/sec LSPID LSP Seq Num LSP Checksum LSP Holdtime ATT/P/OL Interface eth0/0 1.1.1.1 [110/3] via 10.1.34.4, 00:53:36, FastEthernet1/0 Activate the MPLS TE extension for each router's OSPF and manually set the RouterID for MPLS TE . 1.0.0.0 Ip address 10.1.12.1 255.255.255.0 R2.00-00 There are three HELLO packages in IS-IS : Link Sharing Detail: R1.00-00 R1_t0 Upon receipt of this PATH message, the tail router will return a RESV (reserved) message along the same path used by the PATH message, except that the direction is reversed. The RESV message contains the label that RSVP assigns to the tunnel . An IP address. i ia 10.1.24.0 [115/148] via 10.1.123.2, FastEthernet0/0 i ia 10.1.45.0 [115/158] via 10.1.123.2, FastEthernet0/0 i ia 10.1.34.0 [115/158] via 10.1.123.2 , FastEthernet0/0 C 10.1.123.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 Router bgp 123 Event caused reoptimize 10.1.24.2 10.1.24.4 LSPID Priority 1 : 9375000 RSVP Signalling Info: Status Explicit Route: 10.1.45.5 5.5.5.5 880 75000 kbits/sec, Router(config)#mpls traffic-eng reoptimize timers frequency ? Each IP prefix is ​​assigned a bunch of metrics . 75000 Only support IP 1.1.1.1 [110/3] via 10.1.34.4, 00:53:36, FastEthernet1/0 2 75000 The configuration of R2-PE1 is as follows: Src 1.1.1.1, Dst 4.4.4.4, Tun_Id 0, Tun_Instance 2 RSVP Path Info: Tunnel mpls traffic-eng autoroute metric relative -1 By default, Cisco IOS starts both L1 and L2 operations on the IS-IS router . If you want to specify the router as only the area router or trunk router , use the router configuration mode: Set-overload-bit on-startup wait-for-bgp For TE of ISIS extension R4#sh isis da 908 *Aug 18 11:26:02.546: Incoming Resv: !! R2 sends a resv message to R1 After the connection is successfully established,ccna previous exam papers pdf, the interactive initialization message is started, and the initialization message contains various parameters. The other party also sends its own initialization message, and if it receives the parameters in the former initialization message, it sends a keep alive message to accept. At this point, the LDP neighbor relationship is established, and then the label mapping message can be transmitted to each other.